【Abstract】 Vitiligo is a common autoimmune skin disease, currently believed to be caused by autoreactive T cell-mediated destruction of melanocytes in the skin, mucous membranes, or hair follicles, which can significantly induce psychological distress in patients. The consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of vitiligo （2024 version） was formulated by the Pigmentary Disorder Group, Combination of Traditional and Western Medicine Dermatology, etc., based on the latest international research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of vitiligo and actual situation in China. This version of consensus highlights early intervention, integrative therapy, application of JAK inhibitors in vitiligo, and provides future research directions, aiming to guide the treatment of vitiligo.

【Abstract】 Chronic pruritus is a common symptom of various diseases, causing severe negative impacts on patients′ quality of life. Due to its complex pathogenesis, etiological diagnosis and treatment are often challenging. To improve the understanding of chronic pruritus among Chinese clinicians and to standardize diagnosis and therapeutic practices, the China Dermatologist Association organized experts in China to update the classification, etiology, and pathogenesis of chronic pruritus based on the "Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Pruritus （2018 edition）" , current research status and progress in China and other countries, as well as extensive consultation with experts in China through the Delphi method, aiming to provide expert opinions and evidence-based medical guidance on the etiological diagnosis and treatment of chronic pruritus.

【Abstract】 Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease. Previous therapeutic drugs include topical glucocorticoids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, oral antihistamines, systemic immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids, etc. In recent years, biologics and a variety of small-molecule drugs have been approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Based on recent research progress, Chinese and international guidelines or consensus, and experts′ clinical experience, China Dermatologist Association, Chinese Society of Dermatology, Dermatology Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases convened experts to develop this consensus on strategies for the clinical application of therapeutic drugs for atopic dermatitis, monitoring and management of adverse drug reactions, and drug management in special populations, aiming to provide a reference for the application and management of therapeutic drugs for atopic dermatitis.

【Abstract】 The treatment of psoriasis has entered an era of targeted therapy, and the application of biologics and small-molecule drugs has markedly improved the quality of life of patients, especially in the treatment of moderate to severe, refractory, and special types of psoriasis. In China, biologics that have been approved for marketing and used in the treatment of psoriasis include 9 agents belonging to 5 major categories, namely tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, interleukin-12/23 inhibitors, interleukin-23 inhibitors, interleukin-17A inhibitors, and interleukin-36 inhibitors; small-molecule drugs include 4 drugs belonging to 2 categories that inhibit different steps in the inflammatory cytokine pathways, namely phosphodiesterase 4 and Janus kinases （including tyrosine kinase 2）. How to use biologics and small-molecule drugs in a rational, effective and safe way has become an issue of great concern in clinical practice. To this end, experts in the field of diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis and related fields in China developed this guideline based on Chinese and international research data, clinical experience, as well as characteristics of Chinese patients with psoriasis after in-depth discussions. This guideline provides specific guidance for clinicians in terms of application principles and methods of major biologics and small-molecule drugs, efficacy and safety profiles, patient screening and monitoring, common problems and solutions, as well as considerations for their application in special populations.

【Abstract】 Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is a hyperpigmentation disorder following skin inflammation or damage caused by various endogenous and exogenous factors, which may result in emotional distress and social difficulties in patients. The Group on Medical Aesthetics and Cosmetology of Chinese Academy of Aesthetic Medicine organized experts in this field to develop this consensus in terms of the epidemiological characteristics, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, prevention, and treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, aiming to provide guidance for its prevention and treatment.

【Abstract】 Refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria （CSU） is clinically common and poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to resistance to standard or doubled doses of H1 antihistamines or their combination therapies. Current guidelines or consensus statements on urticaria have not met the needs for high-quality standardized management of refractory CSU, highlighting the necessity for specific guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, a guideline working group was established by the Chinese Society of Dermatology and the China Dermatologist Association, and consisted of 29 leading experts in urticaria research in China. Through a comprehensive review and evaluation of existing Chinese and international evidence-based data, and consideration of the situation in China, this guideline was formulated after multiple rounds of deliberation, aiming to provide guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of refractory CSU and to guide clinical practice.

【Abstract】 In order to promote the standardization of diagnosis and treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in China, Chinese Society of Dermatology and China Dermatologist Association organized Chinese experts to establish a clinical pathway for the diagnosis and treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, through a combined approach of literature analysis, thematic discussion, and expert consultation. Firstly, the diagnosis, assessment, screening, and examination items for atopic dermatitis, as well as entry criteria for clinical pathway were described; secondly, the treatment principles, regimens and drugs for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were elaborated, so were the efficacy assessment, follow-up and evaluation indicators, patient education and guidance, standards for pathway completion, pathway variation and its cause analysis; it was suggested that the course of induction treatment should not be less than 3 months, and the plan of maintenance treatment should be set for at least 3 - 6 months after the efficacy of induction treatment was achieved; finally, the management process and the clinical pathway form for the diagnosis and treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were listed in the appendixes.

【Abstract】 Pemphigus is a group of rare and severe autoimmune bullous diseases characterized by blisters, bullae, and erosions on the skin and/or mucous membranes. With the deep understanding of pemphigus and continuous update of treatment methods, it is necessary to formulate guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus in China. Hence, a guideline working group was established by relevant academic organizations. Based on available evidence in China and other countries, as well as China's national conditions, 12 clinical issues that need to be urgently solved were proposed and 30 recommendations were formulated on the diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus after multiple rounds of demonstration and selection, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus and to guide clinical practice.

【Abstract】 Nowadays, various countries have developed guidelines/consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of alopecia areata. Differences between these guidelines/consensus may reflect differences in backgrounds, research status, medical resources and clinical traditions among countries. This review compares Chinese and international guidelines/consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of alopecia areata in the past three years, and analyzes the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, severity assessment methods and treatment of alopecia areata, so as to provide a reference for standardized and individualized diagnosis and treatment of alopecia areata in China.

【Abstract】 Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease that seriously affects patients' quality of life, and its incidence has shown an increasing trend in recent years. As one of the triggering factors of AD, allergens can lead to the recurrence or exacerbation of AD. Allergen-specific IgE （sIgE） tests can guide the long-term management of AD patients by identifying allergens. There are still many problems regarding the application of sIgE tests in AD clinical practice. Based on current Chinese and international guidelines and relevant research evidence, this consensus summarizes the clinical value of sIgE tests for AD patients and provides 9 recommendations on patient selection, selection of test methods and items, result interpretation, and some considerations, providing the standard principles for the application of sIgE tests in the diagnosis and treatment of AD in clinical practice in China.

【Abstract】 The application of moisturizers and emollients is an important method for protecting or repairing skin barriers, maintaining skin health, and coping with skin diseases. In order to standardize and rationalize the application of moisturizers and emollients, the China Dermatologist Association convened Chinese experts in this field to conduct sessions of in-depth discussions based on up-to-date Chinese and international research outcomes, and reached a consensus on the efficacy, composition selection, application indications, application methods and adverse reactions of moisturizers and emollients, as well as considerations during their use.

【Abstract】 In recent years, research on pruritus in the elderly has progressed rapidly, deepening the understanding of this condition. In order to standardize the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of pruritus in the elderly, experts from the Chinese Association Rehabilitation of Dermatology, and the Working Group on Geriatric Dermatology, Combination of Traditional and Western Medicine Dermatology organized relevant experts and formulated an expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of pruritus in the elderly （2025 edition） based on the latest Chinese and international research advancements, with a particular focus on evidence-based medicine. This consensus aims to provide recommendations to address clinical problems, alleviate or eliminate patients′ symptoms and improve their quality of life.

【Abstract】 Atopic dermatitis in the elderly （> 60 years old） differs from that in children and adults in terms of demographical characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications, and special considerations are needed for its diagnosis and treatment. Thus, the Immunology Group of the Chinese Society of Dermatology developed an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in the elderly, aiming to standardize and guide the effective management of elderly patients with atopic dermatitis.

【Abstract】 With the progress in dermatology in recent decades, some new biologic agents and small-molecule targeted drugs have been approved for the treatment of skin diseases, and have showed favorable therapeutic effect, especially in the treatment of complex and refractory dermatoses. However, how to apply targeted therapy reasonably, effectively and safely in the treatment of skin diseases has become a matter of great concern in clinical practice. To this end, the Committee on Skin Disease and Cosmetic Dermatology, China Association of Medical Equipment organized relevant experts to formulate this consensus through multiple in-depth discussions and revisions based on Chinese and international research data, clinical guidelines and consensus, as well as characteristics of Chinese patients. According to the classification of diseases, specific guidance was provided in this consensus for clinicians regarding the clinical application principles and treatment protocols of biologic agents and small-molecule targeted drugs.

【Abstract】 Mycoplasma genitalium can cause urogenital tract infections such as urethritis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease, which are associated with preterm birth. Due to difficulties in the culture of Mycoplasma genitalium, confirmation of its diagnosis relies on nucleic acid amplification testing. Increasing antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium poses a great challenge for clinical treatment. To raise Chinese clinicians′ understanding of Mycoplasma genitalium infection and improve its diagnosis and treatment, the Hospital of Dermatology of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the National Center for STD Control of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the Venereology Group of the Chinese Society of Dermatology, and the Chinese Association Rehabilitation of Dermatology organized relevant Chinese experts to formulate the consensus after thorough discussions on the etiology of, epidemiology of, clinical manifestations of, laboratory tests for, diagnosis and treatment of, follow-up and test of cure for, management of sexual partners for and prevention of Mycoplasma genitalium infection based on the latest international guidelines for the management of Mycoplasma genitalium infection and relevant research progress in China and other countries.

【Abstract】 Cutaneous adverse reactions are common during anti-tumor therapy, which not only greatly affect patients′ quality of life, but may also cause discontinuation and dose reduction of anti-tumor therapy. With the increasing diversity of anti-tumor drugs, cutaneous adverse reactions have become more complex and challenging for clinicians. In view of this, the Shanghai Society of Dermatology and Venereology and Shanghai Society of Target Molecular Oncology, Shanghai Medical Association organized experts to discuss and sort out existing relevant clinical evidence to develop an expert consensus. This consensus summarizes cutaneous adverse reactions to anti-tumor drugs, such as cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, molecular targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and proposes prevention and management measures for common cutaneous adverse reactions, aiming to provide standardized guidance for clinicians and nurses in the fields of oncology and dermatology in clinical practice.

【Abstract】 Chronic prurigo is an independent chronic inflammatory skin disease, and complex underlying etiologies or comorbidities may exist in patients. Diagnosis of chronic prurigo requires a systematic process, including identifying core symptoms, taking a comprehensive medical history, performing physical examination, completing necessary laboratory or imaging tests, and assessing disease severity. Treatments of chronic prurigo include management of possible causes and comorbidities, and stepwise control of pruritus. This review mainly summarizes clinical diagnosis, classification and treatment of chronic prurigo.

【Abstract】 Chemical peeling has been widely used in the treatment of various skin diseases and skin rejuvenation. However, improper operation or non?professional practice may lead to irreversible adverse events. To enhance public understanding of chemical peeling and popularize correct and professional medical knowledge, an expert consensus group on the clinical application of chemical peeling in China co?established by the Chinese Society of Dermatology, China Dermatologist Association, Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine Board of Dermatovenereology developed this consensus on the definition, classification, indications, contraindications, adverse effects of, and considerations during the treatment with chemical peeling, aiming to provide a reference for the public.

【Abstract】 Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. In recent years, with the development and application of targeted drugs, the treatment of AD is entering the era of individualization. Stratification of patients based on different dimensions can help realize individualized treatment, but currently there is a lack of stratification strategies for individualized treatment of AD. Therefore, the consensus on stratified individualized systemic treatment for moderate to severe AD was formulated by experts from the Immunology Group, Chinese Society of Dermatology and the Dermatology Professional Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Society, based on the latest research progress in AD in China and other countries as well as experts′ clinical practice experience. The consensus encompasses the individualized comprehensive assessment, systemic therapeutic drugs, selection of therapeutic options according to different dimensions, and the mode of systemic treatment of AD, aiming to guide clinical individualized medication.

【Abstract】 Ultraviolet phototherapy stands as a pivotal intervention in the management of vitiligo. To guide and standardize the application of ultraviolet phototherapy in the treatment of vitiligo, and to improve its efficacy and safety, the Dermatology Professional Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Society and the China Dermatologist Association organized Chinese experts in the fields of photomedicine and pigmentary disorders to formulate the “Guideline on phototherapy for vitiligo （2025 edition）” after thorough discussions based on the latest research progress in vitiligo phototherapy in China and other countries in recent years and the clinical experience of experts. This guideline comprehensively delineates core clinical considerations pertaining to phototherapy for vitiligo, including the therapeutic principles, contraindications, individualized phototherapy protocols, strategies for combination therapies, and management of adverse reactions, aiming to further improve the performance of phototherapy in the treatment of vitiligo in China.

【Abstract】 Adverse skin reactions to cosmetics refer to local lesions or systemic damage involving the skin, mucosa, appendages and other tissues caused by the use of cosmetics. With the increasing variety and widespread use of cosmetics, the incidence of adverse skin reactions have been rising with increasing types of diseases and diverse clinical characteristics. To strengthen the understanding of adverse reactions to cosmetics, the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of adverse skin reactions to cosmetics （2018 edition） was updated and revised by relevant experts based on literature search and evaluation, discussion, demonstration meetings, opinion solicitation, and other procedures, aiming to standardize clinical diagnosis and treatment of adverse skin reactions to cosmetics, as well as safety monitoring of cosmetics.

【Abstract】 Extramammary Paget′s disease （EMPD） is a rare and easily misdiagnosed cutaneous malignancy, which is usually confined to the epidermis and can also infiltrate the dermis in the early stage, and presents with lymph node and distant metastases in the advanced stage. EMPD mostly affects the areas rich in apocrine glands, including the scrotum, penis, and vulva, as well as perianal, inguinal and axillary regions. It typically presents as infiltrative erythema or plaques, some of which are accompanied by scales and erosions. Before the treatment, comprehensively assessing the staging of patients is necessary due to the treatment options depending on the tumor stages. Based on the latest international guidelines and clinical research findings, and taking into account the current status of diagnosis and treatment in China, experts reached a consensus on the first- and second-line treatments and novel treatments according to the staging of EMPD, providing a basis for standardizing the treatment of EMPD.

【Abstract】 Currently, topical glucocorticoids are still the first-line treatment of chronic hand eczema, while systematic treatment is required for moderate to severe chronic hand eczema with no response to topical corticosteroids. Traditional treatments include glucocorticoids, antihistamines, retinoids, immunosuppressants, etc. In recent years, some progress has been made in the treatment of chronic hand eczema with Janus kinase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, biological agents, statins, timolol, daylight photodynamic therapy, etc. This review summarizes recent advances in the treatment of chronic hand eczema, including basic therapy, topical treatment, physical therapy and systemic therapy.

【Abstract】 Metformin, the first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes, has been also increasingly used in the treatment of some skin diseases, such as psoriasis. This review summarizes therapeutic mechanisms of and clinical research progress in metformin in the treatment of psoriasis, aiming to provide ideas and methods for the treatment of psoriasis, especially psoriasis complicated by metabolic diseases.

【Abstract】 Erythrodermic psoriasis is a special type of psoriasis, characterized by diffuse erythema, infiltration, swelling and excessive desquamation throughout the body. It is often accompanied by systemic symptoms, leading to serious disease condition, and it is easy to relapse. Based on the latest Chinese and international guidelines and consensus, and combined with the current status of diagnosis and treatment in China, the expert committee established this consensus that focused on the etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis, aiming to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment patterns of erythrodermic psoriasis, and provide a more scientific and authoritative reference for its diagnosis and treatment in China.

【Abstract】 Cutaneous tuberculosis is a chronic infectious skin disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. It has various clinical manifestations and is difficult to be accurately diagnosed. Delayed diagnosis may lead to serious damage to the skin and soft tissues. The diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical, pathological, and laboratory findings. A long‐course combination antibiotic therapy is commonly needed for the treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis, and early standardized diagnosis and treatment are the key to ensuring a good prognosis. This expert consensus was developed based on Chinese and international literature and guidelines on cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculosis, aiming to standardize the diagnostic procedure and improve the treatment outcomes of cutaneous tuberculosis.

【Abstract】 Topical minoxidil has been applied to the treatment of androgenetic alopecia （AGA） in clinical practice for a long time, but some problems still exist, such as unsatisfactory efficacy or poor tolerance. Currently, oral minoxidil is only indicated as second- or third-line therapy for hypertension, but growing evidence has supported the off-label use of low-dose oral minoxidil for the treatment of AGA. This review summarizes possible mechanisms and clinical application of low-dose oral minoxidil in the treatment of AGA.

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the epidemiological trends and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of syphilis in China from 2010 to 2023. Methods Data on syphilis cases reported from 31 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities from 2010 to 2023 were collected from the Infectious Diseases Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Joinpoint 5.2.0 software was used to analyze the epidemiological trends of syphilis, ArcGIS 10.5 software was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis at the county level, and SaTScan 10.2.3 software was used for space-time scan analysis. Results The national reported incidence rates of syphilis increased from 26.86 per 100 000 in 2010 to 37.60 per 100 000 in 2023, with an average annual percent change of 1.82% （95% CI: 0.81% - 2.89%）, and the upward trend in the reported incidence rates was statistically significant （P = 0.002）. There was a positive spatial autocorrelation in the reported incidence rates of syphilis at the county level in China （Moran's Ⅰ range: 0.47 - 0.60, all P < 0.001）, and all of the Getis-Ord general test statistic Z（G）values were > 1.96, indicating a high-value clustering pattern in the reported incidence rates of syphilis. The local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the annual number of hotspot areas ranged from 180 to 294, which were mainly located in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan. A total of 92 spatio-temporal clusters were identified by space-time scan analysis, which were mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian from 2010 to 2012, in Xinjiang from 2013 to 2017, and in Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, etc., from 2019 to 2023. Conclusions From 2010 to 2023, the reported incidence rates of syphilis in China exhibited a fluctuating increase on the whole, with obvious spatio-temporal clustering characteristics. The hotspot areas were basically consistent with the spatio-temporal clusters, and were mainly distributed in the northwestern, southeastern coastal and southwestern areas. Over time, the spatio-temporal clusters gradually changed from the southeast coastal and northwestern areas to the southwestern areas.

【Abstract】 Chronic actinic dermatitis is a photosensitive dermatosis commonly occurring in middle-aged and elderly males, clinically characterized by eczematous lesions on the sun-exposed skin. The diagnosis mainly relies on clinical manifestations and photobiological tests. The key to treatment is avoidance of sunlight exposure and removal of photosensitizers, and other treatments include topical drugs, physical therapy, systemic drugs, etc. Based on recent research advances in chronic actinic dermatitis in China and other countries, the Dermatology Professional Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Society and the China Dermatologist Association organized experts in the field of photodermatology to discuss the causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of chronic actinic dermatitis in clinical practice, and to develop an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis （2023）, which provided a scientific and authoritative reference for the diagnosis and management of chronic actinic dermatitis.

【Abstract】 Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic, inflammatory and systemic disease that can occur at any age and has a profound impact on patients′ quality of life. Interleukin-17A is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Secukinumab is a fully human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody. It is approved in China for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in patients aged 6 years or older, active psoriatic arthritis in adults and ankylosing spondylitis in adults. Since its launch, a large amount of real‐world data on the efficacy and safety has been accumulated in China. To standardize the use of secukinumab in the long‐term management of psoriasis, a systematic review of the literature on the long-term efficacy and safety of secukinumab as well as its treatment strategies and use in special populations was conducted, and an expert consensus was proposed.

【Abstract】 Nontuberculous mycobacteria （NTM） encompass all mycobacterial species except the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae. In recent years, the incidence of skin and soft tissue infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria has shown an increasing trend. It is prone to be misdiagnosed due to the lack of specificity of clinical manifestations. This consensus aims to improve Chinese clinicians′ understanding of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases and standardize their diagnosis and treatment.

【Abstract】 Red, blue, and yellow light therapy is a type of low-level light therapy commonly used in clinical practice. In recent years, with the development of photomedicine technology, safer and more effective red, blue, and yellow light therapy has been promoted and applied in the treatment of acne, androgenetic alopecia, skin wounds, herpes zoster, and other skin diseases. However, there is no unified standardized treatment protocol. In order to improve the efficacy and safety of the red, blue, and yellow light therapy, the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Dermatology, the Chinese Society of Dermatology, and the Photomedicine Therapeutic Equipment Group, Committee on Skin Disease and Cosmetic Dermatology, China Association of Medical Equipment organized some experts to formulate the consensus based on Chinese and international literature and clinical guidelines, as well as the current clinical practice in China, aiming to propose specific recommendations for the standardized application of red, blue, and yellow light therapy in dermatology, and provide a reference for clinicians.

【Abstract】 Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital infection can initially cause cervicitis in women and urethritis in men, and then lead to severe complications in the upper reproductive tract, such as prostatitis, epididymitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, etc., resulting in serious consequences such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Maternal infection is associated with serious adverse outcomes in neonates, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and pneumonia. Due to the silent persistence of infection, many infected people go undetected and untreated. In order to improve the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of this disease among clinicians in China, the Chinese Society of Dermatology, National Center for STD Control of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China Dermatologist Association, and Chinese Association Rehabilitation of Dermatology convened relevant experts to develop this guideline after thorough discussions and repeat revisions according to recent literature in China and other countries. This guideline summarizes epidemiological changes, clinical manifestations and classification, evidence and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of, as well as follow-up and cure assessment criteria for Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital infection, aiming to provide suggestions and references for medical workers at all levels.

【Abstract】 Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Androgen-induced sebum secretion, hyperkeratosis of the pilosebaceous duct, microbial overgrowth in hair follicles, and inflammatory and immune reactions are closely associated with the pathogenesis of acne. However, the pathogenesis and pathophysiological processes of acne remain unclear. With the progression of scientific research, the conventional understanding of acne has been constantly updated in recent years, while clinical treatment principles underwent several transformations as well. This article aims to review some latest theories on the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and their implications in prevention and treatment from the perspectives of sex hormone levels, hair follicular microorganisms, hair follicle stem cells and pathogenesis of severe acne, so as to provide new directions and ideas for the prevention and treatment of acne vulgaris.

【Abstract】 Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, recurrent, and inflammatory skin disease. Its etiology is intricately related to skin microecological imbalance, dysregulated lipid metabolism, impaired skin barrier function, abnormal immune responses, and genetic predispositions. In recent years, several novel therapeutic approaches have emerged, such as topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, physical interventions, and chemical peeling, providing more options for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. This review summarizes the latest research progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.

【Abstract】 To enhance clinicians′ understanding of pigmented nevi and standardize their diagnosis and treatment, a group of experts from the Skin Cancer Research Group, Committee on Dermatology, Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine, the Melanoma Society of China Anti-Cancer Association and the Society of Integrated Rehabilitation of Skin Tumors, China Anti-Cancer Association, adhering to the principles of evidence-based medicine, integrated the latest Chinese and international guidelines, consensuses, and existing research findings to formulate the expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of pigmented nevi （2025 edition） through two rounds of intensive revisions and discussions. This consensus covers various types of pigmented nevi, including common acquired pigmented nevi, congenital pigmented nevi, recurrent pigmented nevi, and pigmented nevi in special populations （children, pregnant women）, and offers detailed recommendations on the key points for the diagnosis and treatment of these types of pigmented nevi, aiming to provide a reference for the standardized diagnosis, treatment, and management of pigmented nevi.

【Abstract】 Bullous pemphigoid （BP） is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering skin disease that primarily affects the elderly. Clinically, it is characterized by tense blisters and bullae on the local or whole body skin, which can be life-threatening in some patients. The pathogenesis of BP is closely related to anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 antibodies, which cause BP through pathways such as complement activation systems and non-complement systems. This consensus covers clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and management of comorbidities associated with BP, with a particular emphasis on the importance of individualized treatment. In terms of diagnosis, a comprehensive approach integrating clinical manifestations, histopathological features, direct immunofluorescence and serological testing results is proposed to improve diagnostic accuracy. In terms of treatment, in addition to traditional glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents, new drugs such as biological agents are also recommended, and individualized treatment regimens are formulated according to the disease severity. Additionally, the consensus also pays attention to the management of BP-related comorbidities such as diabetes, kidney disease, and malignant tumors, providing comprehensive guidance for clinicians to improve the treatment outcomes and quality of life of BP patients.