Abstract: 【Abstract】 Persistent human papillomavirus （HPV） infection is a major causative factor for cervical cancer and various malignant tumors of the genital and oropharyngeal regions. Although prophylactic vaccination can significantly reduce the incidence of HPV-related diseases, it cannot clear pre-existing infections. The HPV?encoded E6/E7 oncoproteins, which are constitutively expressed in cervical cancer cells, represent ideal targets for immunotherapy. This article systematically summarizes vaccination strategies and the protective effectiveness of prophylactic HPV vaccines, clinical research progress across diverse therapeutic vaccine platforms, clinical evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer, the current status of adoptive cell therapy, and combination therapeutic strategies with targeted monoclonal antibodies. It further proposes that combination therapy, stratified prevention and control, and shifting immune intervention to the precancerous stage are key approaches to improving the efficacy of cervical cancer treatment.

Key words: Papillomavirus vaccines, Uterine cervical neoplasms, Precancerous conditions, Vaccination, Prophylactic vaccine, Immunotherapy, Therapeutic vaccine, Combination therapy