Chinese Journal of Dermatology ›› 2026, e20220315.doi: 10.35541/cjd.20220315

• Reviews •     Next Articles

Gut, skin, and oral microbiota in autoimmune bullous diseases

Zhang Hanmei, Feng Suying   

  1. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
  • Received:2022-05-05 Revised:2024-04-03 Online:2026-02-09 Published:2026-06-22
  • Contact: Feng Suying E-mail:fengsuying2015@vip.163.com
  • Supported by:
    CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-059)

Abstract: 【Abstract】 In recent years, many studies have shown that dysbiosis of the skin, mucosal and gut microbiota may contribute to the development and progression of various autoimmune diseases. Similarly, alterations in the gut, skin, and oral microbiota have been observed in patients with autoimmune bullous diseases. This review summarizes the current evidence on microbiota dysbiosis in various autoimmune bullous diseases and discusses its possible pathogenic mechanisms.

Key words: Skin diseases, vesiculobullous, Autoimmune diseases, Microbial consortia, Pemphigus, Pemphigoid, bullous, Dysbacteriosis