Abstract: 【Abstract】 Objective To explore risk factors for autoimmune bullous diseases complicated by venous thromboembolism （VTE） during hospitalization. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with autoimmune bullous diseases who were hospitalized in the Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from October 2021 to March 2024. According to whether VTE occurred during hospitalization, these patients were divided into a VTE group （13 cases） and a control group （57 cases）. General information, medical history, personal history, hospitalization status, treatment methods, and related laboratory examination results were compared between the two groups. The t test, Wilcoxon test, and chi-square test were used to analyze the differences between the groups, and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for VTE. Results Compared with the control group, the VTE group showed increased patients′ age （80.15 ± 8.03 years vs. 68.53 ± 13.52 years）, course of disease （M［P25, P75］: 12.00 ［2.00, 30.00］ months vs. 2.00 ［1.00, 6.00］ months）, peripheral blood levels of D-dimer （M［P25, P75］: 5.36 ［2.49, 8.57］ mg/L vs. 0.90 ［0.44, 1.70］ mg/L）, Padua scores （M［P25, P75］: 5.00 ［4.50, 8.00］ points vs. 3.00 ［2.00, 4.00］ points）, and the proportion of patients receiving human immunoglobulin therapy （61.54% vs. 17.54%）, but decreased lymphocyte count （1.06 × 10?/L ± 0.52 × 10?/L vs. 1.58 × 10?/L ± 0.85 × 10?/L）, red blood cell count （3.55 × 1012/L ± 0.49 × 1012/L vs. 4.16 × 1012/L ± 0.60 × 1012/L）, levels of hemoglobin （113.62 ± 12.68 g/L vs. 126.69 ± 16.99 g/L）, total protein （55.33 ± 7.28 g/L vs. 62.13 ± 6.83 g/L）, and albumin （28.86 ± 6.33 g/L vs. 33.30 ± 4.84 g/L）, with statistically significant differences （all P < 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease （OR = 1.039, 95% CI: 1.004 — 1.075）, total protein levels （OR = 0.883, 95% CI: 0.782 — 0.998）, and Padua scores （OR = 2.397, 95% CI: 1.165 — 4.930） were factors influencing the occurrence of VTE in hospitalized patients with autoimmune bullous diseases （all P < 0.05）. Conclusion Hospitalized patients with autoimmune bullous diseases who had a long course of disease, low total protein levels, and high Padua scores were prone to develop VTE.

Key words: Pemphigus, Pemphigoid, bullous, Venous thromboembolism, Risk factors, Autoimmune bullous diseases