氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法治疗尖锐湿疣的临床应用指南（2026版）

doi:10.35541/cjd.20250702

Abstract

Abstract: 【Abstract】 Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy （ALA-PDT） has become a conventional treatment for condyloma acuminatum owing to its high cure rate, low recurrence rate, and mild adverse reactions. To further standardize, guide, and promote the clinical application of ALA-PDT in the management of condyloma acuminatum, this guideline provides standardized diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations from multiple aspects, including the mechanisms of action, treatment protocols, patient education before and after treatment, treatment course and follow-up, management of adverse reactions, combination with other therapeutic modalities, and treatment in special populations. Notably, a modified painless PDT protocol has been incorporated. This guideline is intended to serve as a practical reference for dermatologists, gynecologists, urologists, and proctologists, as well as nurses engaged in related clinical practice in China.

Key words: Condylomata acuminata, Therapy, Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy, Guideline, Clinical application

Photodynamic Therapy Research Cooperative Group, Chinese Society of Dermatology, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Dermatology & Photodynamic Therapy, Photomedicine Therapeutic Equipment Group, Committee on Skin Disease and Cosmetic Dermatology, China Association of Medical Equipment. Guideline for the clinical application of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum （2026 edition）[J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(7): 611-618.doi:10.35541/cjd.20250702

References ［63］

［1］	王秀丽, 徐世正, 张春荣, 等. δ⁃氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法治疗男性尿道尖锐湿疣［J］. 中国皮肤性病学杂志, 2000,14（2）:103⁃104. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001⁃7089.2000.02.019.
［2］	Wang XL, Wang HW, Wang HS, et al. Topical 5⁃aminolaevulinic acid⁃photodynamic therapy for the treatment of urethral condylomata acuminata［J］. Br J Dermatol, 2004,151（4）:880⁃885. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365⁃2133.2004.06189.x.
［3］	OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group. The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence［EB/OL］. Oxford: Oxford Centre for Evidence⁃Based Medicine, 2011. http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=5653.
［4］	Prayogo SA, Andrew H, Cong S, et al. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of condyloma acuminata: a systematic review of clinical trials［J］. Int J STD AIDS, 2023,34（2）:76⁃86. DOI: 10.1177/09564624221138351.
［5］	Shen S, Feng J, Song X, et al. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy for warts induced by human papilloma virus infection: a systematic review and meta⁃analysis［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2022,39:102913. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102913.
［6］	中华医学会皮肤性病学分会光动力治疗研究中心, 中国康复医学会皮肤病康复专业委员会, 中国医学装备协会皮肤病与皮肤美容分会光医学治疗装备学组. 氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法皮肤科临床应用指南（2021版）［J］. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2021,54（1）:1⁃9. DOI: 10.35541/cjd.20200731.
［7］	王秀丽, 王宏伟, 杨连娟, 等. 上海地区女性外阴尖锐湿疣患者宫颈HPV感染及分型研究［J］. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2009,42（11）:739⁃741. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412⁃4030.2009.11. 003.
［8］	Wolf J, Kist LF, Pereira SB, et al. Human papillomavirus infection: epidemiology, biology, host interactions, cancer development, prevention, and therapeutics［J］. Rev Med Virol, 2024,34（3）:e2537. DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2537.
［9］	Carter JJ, Madeleine MM, Shera K, et al. Human papillomavirus 16 and 18 L1 serology compared across anogenital cancer sites［J］. Cancer Res, 2001,61（5）:1934⁃1940.
［10］	中华医学会皮肤性病学分会性病学组, 中国医师协会皮肤科分会性病亚专业委员会. 尖锐湿疣诊疗指南（2014）［J］. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2014,47（8）:598⁃599. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn. 0412⁃4030.2014.08.020.
［11］	Wang XL, Wang HW, Hillemanns P, et al. Distinctive features of foreskin condylomata acuminata associated with diabetes mellitus［J］. Acta Derm Venereol, 2008,88（6）:578⁃583. DOI: 10.2340/00015555⁃0537.
［12］	Huang J, Wang B, Shi L, et al. Clinical features of bowenoid papulosis of prepuce associated with diabetes mellitus［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2023,42:103536. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103536.
［13］	Schultz RE, Skelton HG. Value of acetic acid screening for flat genital condylomata in men［J］. J Urol, 1988,139（4）:777⁃779. DOI: 10.1016/s0022⁃5347（17）42633⁃4.
［14］	Dong H, Shu D, Campbell TM, et al. Dermatoscopy of genital warts［J］. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2011,64（5）:859⁃864. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.03.028.
［15］	张云杰, 邹先彪, 郭晓娟, 等. 皮肤镜在尖锐湿疣诊断中的价值评估［J］. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2017,50（7）:493⁃496. DOI: 10. 3760/cma.j.issn.0412⁃4030.2017.07.006.
［16］	Wang HW, Wang XL, Zhang LL, et al. Aminolevulinic acid （ALA）⁃assisted photodynamic diagnosis of subclinical and latent HPV infection of external genital region［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2008,5（4）:251⁃255. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2008. 11.004.
［17］	王秀丽, 王宏伟, 张玲琳, 等. 5⁃氨基酮戊酸光动力在尖锐湿疣诊断中的应用［J］. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2008,41（5）:296⁃300. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0412⁃4030.2008.05.006.
［18］	Kumar B, Gupta R, Sehgal S. Correlation of HPV antigen and type of genital warts with atypia［J］. Genitourin Med, 1991,67（2）:146⁃148. DOI: 10.1136/sti.67.2.146.
［19］	Gormley RH, Kovarik CL. Human papillomavirus⁃related genital disease in the immunocompromised host: partⅠ［J］. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2012,66（6）:867.e1⁃14; quiz 881⁃882. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.12.050.
［20］	Purzycka⁃Bohdan D, Nowicki RJ, Herms F, et al. The pathogenesis of giant condyloma acuminatum （Buschke⁃Lowenstein Tumor）: an overview［J］. Int J Mol Sci, 2022,23（9）DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094547.
［21］	王宏伟, 王秀丽, 过明霞, 等. 5⁃氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法与CO2激光治疗尖锐湿疣疗效观察［J］. 临床皮肤科杂志, 2006,35（10）:674⁃675. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000⁃4963.2006.10.034.
［22］	Tu P, Zhang H, Zheng H, et al. 5⁃Aminolevulinic photodynamic therapy versus carbon dioxide laser therapy for small genital warts: a multicenter, randomized, open⁃label trial［J］. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2021,84（3）:779⁃781. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.07. 073.
［23］	李捷, 易运连, 朱武. ALA⁃PDT三阶段根除治疗方案治疗男性尿道口尖锐湿疣的临床疗效［J］. 中南大学学报（医学版）, 2011,36（11）:1115⁃1119. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃7347.2011. 11.015.
［24］	Zhang L, Li X, Liu X, et al. Treatment of multi⁃position condyloma acuminatum using topical CO2 laser combined with photodynamic therapy ⁃ report of 6 cases［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2019,25:436⁃439. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019. 01.030.
［25］	Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang G, et al. Modified painless photodynamic therapy for facial multiple actinic keratosis in China: a prospective split⁃face control study［J］. Lasers Surg Med, 2023,55（10）:871⁃879. DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23728.
［26］	Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang L, et al. Modified 5⁃aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy to reduce pain in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris: a prospective, randomized, split⁃face study［J］. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2021,84（1）:218⁃220. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.146.
［27］	Ross EV, Romero R, Kollias N, et al. Selectivity of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence for condylomata after topical application of 5⁃aminolaevulinic acid: implications for photodynamic treatment［J］. Br J Dermatol, 1997,137（5）:736⁃742.
［28］	王秀丽, 徐世正, 张春荣, 等. δ⁃氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法治疗尖锐湿疣的机理探讨［J］. 中国皮肤性病学杂志, 2001,15（4）:234⁃237. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001⁃7089.2001.04.008.
［29］	Austin E, Wang JY, Ozog DM, et al. Photodynamic therapy: overview and mechanism of action［J］. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2026,94（6）:1619⁃1632. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2025.02.037.
［30］	张云凤, 缪飞, 王宏伟, 等. 氨基酮戊酸光动力治疗尖锐湿疣局部免疫反应的研究［J］. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2013,46（5）:309⁃312. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412⁃4030.2013.05.003.
［31］	Cramer GM, Cengel KA, Busch TM. Forging forward in photodynamic therapy［J］. Cancer Res, 2022,82（4）:534⁃536. DOI: 10.1158/0008⁃5472.CAN⁃21⁃4122.
［32］	Xie F, Yu HS, Wang R, et al. Photodynamic therapy for genital warts causes activation of local immunity［J］. J Cutan Med Surg, 2019,23（4）:370⁃379. DOI: 10.1177/1203475419838548.
［33］	Giomi B, Pagnini F, Cappuccini A, et al. Immunological activity of photodynamic therapy for genital warts［J］. Br J Dermatol, 2011,164（2）:448⁃451. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365⁃2133.2010.10089.x.
［34］	Wang J, Wang Q, Chen P, et al. Podophyllotoxin⁃combined 5⁃aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy significantly promotes HR⁃HPV⁃infected cell death［J］. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2022,38（4）:343⁃353. DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12754.
［35］	Li Z, Teng M, Wang Y, et al. The mechanism of 5⁃aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress in the treatment of HR⁃HPV⁃infected HeLa cells［J］. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2021,37（4）:348⁃359. DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12663.
［36］	Kechichian E, Helou E, Sarkis J, et al. The place of 5-aminolaevulinic acid⁃photodynamic therapy in the treatment landscape of urethral warts: a systematic review［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2021,33:102204. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102204.
［37］	Du J, Lu XN, Li F, et al. Comparison between photodynamic therapy with topical application of 5⁃aminolevulinic acid and CO2 laser therapy in the treatment of cervical condylomata acuminate: a randomized controlled trial［J］. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2015,8（7）:11342⁃11346.
［38］	Liu M, Hu F, Li G, et al. Recurrence rate of perianal and intra⁃anal genital warts treated with aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy: a meta⁃analysis［J］. Front Reprod Health, 2025,7:1746426. DOI: 10.3389/frph.2025.1746426.
［39］	Gattai R, Torchia D, Salvini C, et al. Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of endoanal condylomata acuminata［J］. Clin Infect Dis, 2010,51（10）:1222⁃1223. DOI: 10.1086/656920.
［40］	Zhao Z, Jama AA, Gao H, et al. Clinical observation of laser combined with 5⁃aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for female vulva condyloma acuminatum［J］. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2023,49（8）:2010⁃2014. DOI: 10.1111/jog.15679.
［41］	Jiang S, Hu X, Peng X, et al. Effect of topical 5⁃aminolevulinic acid⁃mediated photodynamic therapy combined with CO2 laser pretreatment for vaginal condyloma acuminate［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2024,46:104008. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024. 104008.
［42］	吴文雅, 苏志刚, 施辛. 液氮冷冻联合氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法治疗尖锐湿疣的系统分析［J］. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2014,47（5）:361⁃362. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412⁃4030.2014.05.019.
［43］	Liang J, Lu XN, Tang H, et al. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy using topical aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride in the treatment of condylomata acuminata: a comparative, randomized clinical trial［J］. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2009,25（6）:293⁃297. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600⁃0781.2009.00467.x.
［44］	Meng X, Li Y, Luan H, et al. Therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy combined with imiquimod in the treatment of anal condyloma acuminatum and its effect on immune function［J］. Exp Ther Med, 2018,16（5）:3909⁃3912. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018. 6676.
［45］	Mi X, Chai W, Zheng H, et al. A randomized clinical comparative study of cryotherapy plus photodynamic therapy vs. cryotherapy in the treatment of multiple condylomata acuminata［J］. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2011,27（4）:176⁃180. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600⁃0781.2011.00592.x.
［46］	Prayogo SA, Andrew H, Cong S, et al. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of condyloma acuminata: a systematic review of clinical trials［J］. Int J STD AIDS, 2023,34（2）:76⁃86. DOI: 10.1177/09564624221138351.
［47］	Zhang H, Shi L, Zhang Y, et al. Modified photodynamic therapy to minimize pain in the treatment of condylomata acuminata: a prospective, randomized, self⁃controlled study［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2020,32:101915. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020. 101915.
［48］	Wu Y, Sun X, Yan Y, et al. Successful treatment by a chlorin e6 derivative mediated photodynamic therapy combined holmium laser for cervical and vaginal giant condyloma acuminata and low⁃grade intraepithelial neoplasia:a case report［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2024,46:104022. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024. 104022.
［49］	Yin G, Zhang Y, Geng M, et al. Cure of condyloma acuminata covering the glans penis using aminolevulinic acid/photodynamic therapy［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2020,30:101658. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101658.
［50］	Hu Z, Liu L, Zhang W, et al. Dynamics of HPV viral loads reflect the treatment effect of photodynamic therapy in genital warts［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2018,21:86⁃90. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.11.005.
［51］	Zheng Z, Zhang LL, Shi L, et al. What is the most relevent factor causing pain during ALA⁃PDT? A multi⁃center, open clinical pain score research trial of actinic keratosis, acne and condylomata acuminata［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2019,26:73⁃78. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.03.001.
［52］	Angell⁃Petersen E, Christensen C, Müller CR, et al. Phototoxic reaction and porphyrin fluorescence in skin after topical application of methyl aminolaevulinate［J］. Br J Dermatol, 2007,156（2）:301⁃307. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365⁃2133.2006.07638.x.
［53］	Ibbotson SH, Wong TH, Morton CA, et al. Adverse effects of topical photodynamic therapy: a consensus review and approach to management［J］. Br J Dermatol, 2019,180（4）:715⁃729. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17131.
［54］	Rakvit P, Kerr AC, Ibbotson SH. Localized bullous pemphigoid induced by photodynamic therapy［J］. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2011,27（5）:251⁃253. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600⁃0781.2011.00609.x.
［55］	Zhou Q, Wang P, Zhang L, et al. Pemphigus vulgaris induced by 5⁃aminolaevulinic acid⁃based photodynamic therapy［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2017,19:156⁃158. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.05.014.
［56］	Wolfe CM, Green WH, Hatfield HK, et al. Urticaria after methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy in a patient with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome［J］. J Drugs Dermatol, 2012,11（11）:1364⁃1365.
［57］	Chen N, Cheng Q, Zeng Q, et al. Successful treatment with ALA⁃PDT of Refractory condyloma acuminatum of the whole anterior urethra［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2020,31:101918. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101918.
［58］	Qu Z, Cui G, Wang Z, et al. Combination of biopsy forceps excision and ALA⁃PDT for the treatment of cervical condylomata acuminata［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2024,46:104002. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104002.
［59］	李彦, 张守民, 李振鲁. 光动力治疗儿童尖锐湿疣疗效观察［J］. 中国性科学, 2014,23（4）:64⁃66. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃1993.2014.04.023.
［60］	Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zou X, et al. Perspective clinical study on effect of 5⁃aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy （ALA⁃PDT） in treating condylomata acuminata in pregnancy［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2019,25:63⁃65. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.11.012.
［61］	Gu L, Zhou S, Shi Z, et al. Peripheral blood CD4+ T cell count predicts recurrence of condyloma acuminatum after photodynamic therapy in HIV⁃positive patients［J］. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2023,39（3）:246⁃255. DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12832.
［62］	Chang R, Xu C, Liu Y, et al. 5⁃Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy and holmium laser treatment for intraurethral condylomata acuminata in a renal transplant patient［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2021,36:102496. DOI: 10. 1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102496.
［63］	Huang XW, Jiang LF, Wang ML, et al. Photodynamic therapy combined with surgical management of extensive anogenital condylomatosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2020,31:101881. DOI: 10. 1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101881.

[1]	Wei Jin¹, Yan Huiwen¹, Zhang Jianzhong², Lun Wenhui¹. Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis complicated by HIV infection: a clinical observation of 10 cases [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(7): 671-674.
[2]	Wang Linlin, Cao Lijuan, Chen Liuqing, Li Dongsheng, Hu Yanyan. Efficacy and safety of hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy for port-wine stains on the extremities: a retrospective analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(7): 637-644.
[3]	Zhang Guolong, Zhao Zijun. Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: current status, challenges, and perspectives [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(7): 626-631.
[4]	Hu Yu, Lu Yan, Chen Kun, Gu Heng. Standardization, precision, and full-cycle management: interpretation of Specifications for the Management of Vitiligo Patients Undergoing Home Phototherapy [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(7): 632-636.
[5]	Dermatology Professional Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Society, China Dermatologist Association. Guideline for the clinical application of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in dermatology （2026 edition） [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(7): 595-610.
[6]	Pediatric Dermatology Group, Chinese Society of Dermatology, Dermatology Group, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association, Pediatric Group, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Dermatology, Atopic Dermatitis Group, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Dermatology, Pediatric Dermatology Group, China Dermatologist Association, Dermatology Group, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Chinese consensus on the prevention, treatment, and management of atopic dermatitis in children（2026 edition） [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(6): 487-504.
[7]	Sun Songpeng, Long Junhong, Cao Bo, Xu Yue, Zhang Xiang′an, Cao Hui, Xie Jun, Gui Ping, Sun Xiaojun, Zhang Bo, Xu Zhijie, Li Jin′an, Wang Zhigang, Wu Wei, Yang Huiju, Wei Ping, Liu Congcong, Shen Qingbo, Yu Fan, Chu Hongchuan, Zhou Yangyang, Liu Jiaxin, Liu Yan, Huo Xingxiao, Chen Hang, Jing Tao, Gao Jing, Wang Yanxun, Wang Rui, Li Zhenyu, Zhang Shuxin. Efficacy and safety of Fuzhiqing ointment versus triamcinolone acetonide and econazole nitrate cream in the treatment of chronic perianal eczema: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled, equivalence trial [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(6): 564-570.
[8]	Xu Zhuohong, Zhou Huan, Hu Yu, Gu Heng. Balneotherapy in skin diseases [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(5): 482-485.
[9]	Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Dermatology, Combination of Traditional and Western Medicine Dermatology. Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of psoriasis in the elderly （2026 edition） [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(5): 407-418.
[10]	Hair Disease Rehabilitation Group, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Dermatology, Hair Medicine Branch, Beijing Association of Holistic Integrative Medicine, Hair Research Group, Chinese Society of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases. Chinese expert consensus on hair biopsy and pathology （2026 edition） [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(5): 419-426.
[11]	Chinese Society of Dermatology, China Dermatologist Association, Dermatology Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Dermatology Branch of China Alliance for Rare Diseases. Expert consensus on fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of psoriasis （2026 edition） [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(5): 427-435.
[12]	Zhang Xiaoxu, Luo Suju. Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in the treatment of six cases of palmoplantar pustulosis [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(5): 459-463.
[13]	Blistering Diseases Research Group, China “Belt and Road” Dermatology Alliance, Collaborative Group on Pemphigus/Bullous Pemphigoid Research, Chinese Society of Dermatology. Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of anti-p200 pemphigoid （2026 edition） [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(5): 387-395.
[14]	Pediatric Dermatology Group, Professional Committee of Pediatric Allergy, China Maternal and Child Health Association. Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of pediatric anogenital lichen sclerosus （2026 edition） [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(5): 396-406.
[15]	Tan Yaxin, Zhi Juan, Zhao Jiaojiao, Lei Jin, Liu Juan. A half-face controlled study on the treatment of facial atrophic scars with fractional laser and acupuncture combined with negative pressure suction [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2026, 59(4): 361-365.

Guideline for the clinical application of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum （2026 edition）

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References ［63］

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0