Abstract: 【Abstract】 Scabies is a common infectious dermatosis caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, and mainly transmitted by direct skin contact. It occurs predominantly in children and the elderly. Clinically, it is divided into common scabies, crusted scabies, nodular scabies, bullous scabies, and nail scabies. Detection of scabies mites, eggs and fecal pellets on skin scraping is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of scabies, but several non-invasive techniques, such as dermoscopy, have become common methods. On dermoscopy, a dark-brown triangular structure （representing the anterior part of the mite） with its linear burrows, known as the “jet with contrail sign”, is pathognomonic for scabies. In 2020, the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies recommended three levels （confirmed scabies, clinical scabies and suspected scabies） of diagnostic certainty. Common scabies is usually treated with topical scabicides, of which permethrin is the first-line treatment, and benzyl benzoate and sulfur are the second line choice. A combined regimen of oral ivermectin with topical permethrin and keratolytics is the first-line therapy for crusted scabies.

Key words: Scabies, Sarcoptes scabiei, Dermoscopy, Diagnosis, Therapy, Expert consensus