Abstract: 【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in microRNAs （miRNAs） and the risk of chronic spontaneous urticaria（CSU）. Methods A case-control study was conducted. A total of 98 patients with CSU （CSU group） were collected from Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January to June in 2019, and 148 health checkup examinees （control group） were collected at the same time, all of whom were of Han population from Shandong province. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood samples, and polymorphic sites rs2431697 （miRNA-146a）, rs57095329 （miRNA-146a）, rs3746444 （miRNA-499）, rs11614913 （miRNA-196a2） and rs895819 （miRNA-27a） were analyzed for SNP genotyping by multiplex PCR amplification and single-base extension. Chi-square test was used to analyze differences in the distribution of alleles, genotypes and genetic models between the two groups, and unconditional Logistic regression to analyze the relationship between gene SNPs and the risk of CSU. Results All samples were successfully genotyped by analysis of the 5 polymorphic sites. The alleles of the miRNA-196a2 SNP rs11614913 were T/C, and the absolute frequency of T allele was 110 （56.1%） in the CSU group and 131（44.3%） in the control group; there was a significant difference in the T/C allele frequency distribution between the two groups （χ2 = 6.64, P = 0.010）, and the T allele might be a risk factor for CSU （OR = 1.61, 95％ CI: 1.12 - 2.32）. In addition, the absolute frequencies of CC, CT and TT genotypes of rs11614913 were 16 （16.3%）, 54 （55.1%）, 28 （28.6%） in the CSU group and 48 （32.4%）, 69 （46.6%）, 31 （20.9%） in the control group respectively, and there was a significant difference in the genotype distribution between the two groups （χ2 = 8.16，P = 0.017）; the distribution of the dominant genetic model （TT + CT vs. CC） also significantly differed between the two groups （χ2 =7.95, P = 0.005）, which might increase the risk of CSU （OR = 2.46, 95％ CI: 1.30 - 4.65）. Conclusion The miRNA-196a2 SNPs may be associated with the risk of CSU in the Han population in Shandong, China, and the rs11614913 polymorphism may increase the risk of CSU.

Key words: Urticaria, MicroRNAs, Polymorphism, single nucleotide, Genotyping techniques, rs11614913