中华皮肤科杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (8): 668-672.doi: 10.35541/cjd.20210098

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2019年中国梅毒流行趋势与特征分析

岳晓丽    龚向东    李婧    张家晖   

  1. 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院皮肤病研究所  中国疾病预防控制中心性病控制中心流行病学室，南京  210042
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-29 修回日期:2021-04-09 发布日期:2021-08-02
  • 通讯作者: 龚向东 E-mail:gxdchina@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（3332019107）

Epidemiological trends and features of syphilis in China, 2014—2019

Yue Xiaoli, Gong Xiangdong, Li Jing, Zhang Jiahui   

  1. Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Epidemiology, National Center for STD Control of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
  • Received:2021-01-29 Revised:2021-04-09 Published:2021-08-02
  • Contact: Gong Xiangdong E-mail:gxdchina@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities（3332019107）

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摘要： 【摘要】 目的 分析2014—2019年中国梅毒流行趋势和特征，为制定防治对策提供依据。方法 应用描述性流行病学方法对2014—2019年中国梅毒报告病例数据进行“三间分布”分析。结果 2014—2019年，梅毒报告发病率由30.93/10万增长至38.37/10万，年均增长4.41%；其中一期与二期梅毒、胎传梅毒报告发病率年均下降10.95%和26.16%，三期梅毒和隐性梅毒年均增长1.61%和10.75%。高发省份为新疆、青海、浙江、海南和福建等。各年男性梅毒报告发病率略低于女性，男女性别比为0.86∶1～0.96∶1。15～19岁组呈逐年快速增长趋势，年均增长13.54%。2014—2018年梅毒高发年龄段为25～34岁，2019年为20～24岁。各职业人群均有病例报告，以农民和民工最多，占41.19%～46.80%，学生人群增幅最大，年均增长20.72%。一期与二期梅毒构成比逐年减少，隐性梅毒构成比逐年增加，2019年达82.95%。结论 2014—2019年中国梅毒总报告发病率逐年增长，一期和二期梅毒报告发病率下降；年轻人群报告发病率快速增长；农民、民工为重要受影响人群；高发地区为西北部分地区和东南沿海部分省份。

关键词: 梅毒, 发病率, 中国, 流行趋势

Abstract: 【Abstract】 Objective To investigate epidemiological trends and characteristics of syphilis in China from 2014 to 2019, and to provide evidence for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to analyze personal, spatial and temporal distribution of syphilis cases reported in China from 2014 to 2019. Results The reported incidence rate of syphilis in China increased from 30.93 per 100 000 in 2014 to 38.37 per 100 000 in 2019, with an average annual increase rate of 4.41%. From 2014 to 2019, the average annual rates of decrease in primary and secondary syphilis and congenital syphilis were 10.95% and 26.16% respectively, and the average annual rates of increase in tertiary syphilis and latent syphilis were 1.61% and 10.75% respectively. The reported incidence rate was high in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Zhejiang, Hainan and Fujian, etc. From 2014 to 2019, the reported annual incidence rate of syphilis was slightly lower in males than in females, and the male-to-female ratio ranged from 0.86∶1 to 0.96∶1. The population aged 15 - 19 years showed a rapid yearly increase in the reported incidence rate, with an average annual increase rate of 13.54%. The reported annual incidence rate of syphilis peaked in the population aged 25 - 34 years during 2014 - 2018, and in the population aged 20 - 24 years in 2019. Syphilis cases were reported in all occupational groups, the largest proportion of cases was found in farmers and migrant workers （41.19% - 46.80%）, and the highest average annual increase rate of 20.72% was observed in students. Among all stages of syphilis, the proportions of primary syphilis and secondary syphilis decreased yearly, while the proportion of latent syphilis increased year by year, and went up to 82.95% in 2019. Conclusion There was a yearly increase in the total reported incidence rate of syphilis in China from 2014 to 2019, but the reported incidence rates of primary syphilis and secondary syphilis decreased yearly; a rapid increase in the reported incidence rate of syphilis was observed among young people; farmers and migrant workers were the most affected populations; some regions in northwest China and southeastern coastal provinces showed relatively high reported incidence rates.

Key words: Syphilis, Incidence, China, Epidemiological trend