Abstract: 【Abstract】 Utilizing natural resources such as natural thermal spring water, mineral mud, and gases, balneotherapy is commonly applied in clinical practice through modalities including thermal water baths, topical mud packs, and functional skincare products containing thermal water. It has demonstrated significant efficacy as an adjuvant treatment for chronic skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne vulgaris, attributed to its unique physicochemical and microbiological properties. Its key mechanisms of action involve anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, skin barrier-repairing, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. Clinical studies have confirmed the positive role of balneotherapy in alleviating symptoms and improving patients' quality of life. However, challenges remain, including high heterogeneity among clinical trials, limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, and insufficient comprehensive safety assessments. This review systematically summarizes the application of balneotherapy in skin diseases and its underlying mechanisms, and explores its value and future directions in modern dermatological practice.

Key words: Skin diseases, Hot springs, Bath, Mud therapy, Anti-inflammation, Antioxidants, Skin barrier repair