Abstract: 【Abstract】 Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children, significantly impairing their quality of life. In recent years, advances in the understanding of AD pathogenesis have led to major breakthroughs in its pharmacological treatment. However, the diagnosis and management of AD remain challenging. This article systematically analyzes the current status and key challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric AD in China, including the complexity of diagnosis and differential diagnosis, insufficient physician/patient education, difficulties in pruritus management, underrecognized psychiatric comorbidities, delayed accessibility of targeted therapies, and infection risk management. Future directions should focus on accelerating the development of targeted therapies, promoting the implementation of precision medicine, and establishing comprehensive long-term management policies, with the goal of enhancing standardized diagnosis and treatment of pediatric AD in China and improving outcomes for affected children.

Key words: Dermatitis, atopic, Children, Therapy, Targeted therapy, Precision therapy