Chinese Journal of Dermatology ›› 2025, e20250344.doi: 10.35541/cjd.20250344
• Guidelines and Consensus • Previous Articles
Committee on Skin Disease and Cosmetic Dermatology, China Association of Medical Equipment; Patient Education Expert Committee, Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology
Received:2025-06-18
Revised:2025-10-22
Online:2025-03-12
Published:2025-10-24
Contact:
Cui Yong; Yin Yongmei
E-mail:wuhucuiyong@vip.163.com; ymyin@njmu.edu.cn
Committee on Skin Disease and Cosmetic Dermatology, China Association of Medical Equipment, Patient Education Expert Committee, Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology . Chinese expert consensus on multidisciplinary management of cancer treatment related cutaneous adverse events[J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology,2025,e20250344. doi:10.35541/cjd.20250344
| [1] | Ladwa R, Fogarty G, Chen P, et al. Management of skin toxicities in cancer treatment: an Australian/New Zealand perspective[J]. Cancers (Basel), 2024,16(14):2526. doi: 10. 3390/cancers16142526. |
| [2] | Lacouture ME, Sibaud V, Gerber PA, et al. Prevention and management of dermatological toxicities related to anticancer agents: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines[J]. Ann Oncol, 2021,32(2):157⁃170. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.11.005. |
| [3] | 中国抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会. EGFR⁃TKI不良反应管理专家共识[J]. 中国肺癌杂志, 2019,22(2):57⁃81. doi: 10.3779/j.issn.1009⁃3419.2019.02.01. |
| [4] | 中国临床肿瘤学会结直肠癌专家委员会, 中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会, 中国医药教育协会. 抗EGFR单抗治疗相关皮肤不良反应临床处理专家共识[J]. 实用肿瘤杂志, 2021,36(3):195⁃201. doi: 10.13267/j.cnki.syzlzz.2021.042. |
| [5] | Apalla Z, Nikolaou V, Fattore D, et al. European recommendations for management of immune checkpoint inhibitors⁃derived dermatologic adverse events. The EADV task force 'Dermatology for cancer patients' position statement[J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2022,36(3):332⁃350. doi: 10. 1111/jdv.17855. |
| [6] | 中国老年医学学会烧创伤分会, 中华医学会组织修复与再生分会, 中国康复医学会再生医学与康复专业委员会, 等. 放射性皮肤损伤的诊断和治疗专家共识(2024版)[J]. 中华烧伤与创面修复杂志, 2024, 40(8): 701⁃712. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn501225⁃20240126⁃00033. |
| [7] | 中国临床肿瘤学会抗肿瘤药物安全管理专家委员会, 中国临床肿瘤学会肿瘤支持与康复治疗专家委员会. 抗肿瘤治疗引起急性口腔黏膜炎的诊断和防治专家共识[J]. 临床肿瘤学杂志, 2021,26(5):449⁃459. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009⁃0460. 2021.05.011. |
| [8] | Krasin MJ, Hoth KA, Hua C, et al. Incidence and correlates of radiation dermatitis in children and adolescents receiving radiation therapy for the treatment of paediatric sarcomas[J]. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol), 2009,21(10):781⁃785. doi: 10. 1016/j.clon.2009.09.022. |
| [9] | Unger JM, Vaidya R, Albain KS, et al. Sex differences in risk of severe adverse events in patients receiving immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or chemotherapy in cancer clinical trials[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2022,40(13):1474⁃1486. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.02377. |
| [10] | Fabbrocini G, Panariello L, Caro G, et al. Acneiform rash induced by EGFR inhibitors: review of the literature and new insights[J]. Skin Appendage Disord, 2015,1(1):31⁃37. doi: 10.1159/000371821. |
| [11] | Miller KK, Gorcey L, McLellan BN. Chemotherapy⁃induced hand⁃foot syndrome and nail changes: a review of clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, and management[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2014,71(4):787⁃794. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014. 03.019. |
| [12] | Wei J, Meng L, Hou X, et al. Radiation⁃induced skin reactions: mechanism and treatment[J]. Cancer Manag Res, 2019,11:167⁃177. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S188655. |
| [13] | Lacouture ME, Anadkat M, Jatoi A, et al. Dermatologic toxicity occurring during anti⁃EGFR monoclonal inhibitor therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2018,17(2):85⁃96. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.12.004. |
| [14] | Alizadeh N, Mirpour SH, Darjani A, et al. Dermatologic adverse effects of breast cancer chemotherapy: a longitudinal prospective observational study with a review of literature[J]. Int J Dermatol, 2020,59(7):822⁃828. doi: 10.1111/ijd.14916. |
| [15] | Jiménez⁃Andrade Y, Flesher JL, Park JM. Cancer therapy⁃induced dermatotoxicity as a window to understanding skin immunity[J]. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 2024,38(5):1011⁃1025. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2024.05.002. |
| [16] | Ghafoor S, Rafiq MA, Shah STA, et al. KIF1A novel frameshift variant p.(Ser887Profs*64) exhibits clinical heterogeneity in a Pakistani family with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy typeⅡC[J]. Int J Neurosci, 2024,134(6):665⁃675. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2140428. |
| [17] | Zaiem A, Hammamia SB, Aouinti I, et al. Hand⁃foot syndrome induced by chemotherapy drug: case series study and literature review[J]. Indian J Pharmacol, 2022,54(3):208⁃215. doi: 10. 4103/ijp.ijp_175_21. |
| [18] | Kwakman JJM, Elshot YS, Punt CJA, et al. Management of cytotoxic chemotherapy⁃induced hand⁃foot syndrome[J]. Oncol Rev, 2020,14(1):442. doi: 10.4081/oncol.2020.442. |
| [19] | Zhao Y, Su W, Liang G, et al. High dose and hepatobiliary dysfunction are associated with hand⁃foot syndrome in patients with lymphoma using pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: a retrospective study[J]. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol, 2021,22(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s40360⁃021⁃00529⁃3. |
| [20] | Punt CJA, Heinemann V, Maughan T, et al. Fluoropyrimidine⁃induced hand⁃foot syndrome and cardiotoxicity: recommendations for the use of the oral fluoropyrimidine S⁃1 in metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. ESMO Open, 2023,8(2):101199. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101199. |
| [21] | Chantharakhit C, Sujaritvanichpong N. Predictive factors for the development of capecitabine⁃induced hand⁃foot syndrome: a retrospective observational cohort study[J]. Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2024,86(1):73⁃77. doi: 10.1097/MS9.000000000000 1487. |
| [22] | de With M, van Doorn L, Maasland DC, et al. Capecitabine⁃induced hand⁃foot syndrome: a pharmacogenetic study beyond DPYD[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2023,159:114232. doi: 10. 1016/j.biopha.2023.114232. |
| [23] | King TL, Voon PJ, Yuen KH, et al. Hand⁃foot syndrome in cancer patients on capecitabine: examining prevalence, impacts, and associated risk factors at a cancer centre in Malaysia[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2024,32(6):345. doi: 10.1007/s00520⁃024⁃08490⁃7. |
| [24] | Huang J, Ye S, Feng S, et al. Prevalence of hand⁃foot syndrome following chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2023,38(1):61. doi: 10.1007/s00384⁃023⁃04345⁃5. |
| [25] | Li J, Gu J. Hand⁃foot skin reaction with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J]. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2017,119:50⁃58. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017. 09.016. |
| [26] | Chanprapaph K, Rutnin S, Vachiramon V. Multikinase inhibitor⁃induced hand⁃foot skin reaction: a review of clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management[J]. Am J Clin Dermatol, 2016,17(4):387⁃402. doi: 10.1007/s40257⁃016⁃0197⁃1. |
| [27] | Chen P, Chen F, Zhou B. Systematic review and meta⁃analysis of prevalence of dermatological toxicities associated with vemurafenib treatment in patients with melanoma[J]. Clin Exp Dermatol, 2019,44(3):243⁃251. doi: 10.1111/ced.13751. |
| [28] | Ai L, Xu Z, Yang B, et al. Sorafenib⁃associated hand⁃foot skin reaction: practical advice on diagnosis, mechanism, prevention, and management[J]. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2019,12(12):1121⁃1127. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1689122. |
| [29] | Zhang H, Qin X, Wang H, et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic factors for long⁃term survival in Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sorafenib: a single⁃center retrospective study[J]. Oncotarget, 2015,6(34):36870⁃36883. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.4874. |
| [30] | Belum VR, Wu S, Lacouture ME. Risk of hand⁃foot skin reaction with the novel multikinase inhibitor regorafenib: a meta⁃analysis[J]. Invest New Drugs, 2013,31(4):1078⁃1086. doi: 10.1007/s10637⁃013⁃9977⁃0. |
| [31] | Yin X, Yin Y, Shen C, et al. Adverse events risk associated with regorafenib in the treatment of advanced solid tumors: meta⁃analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Onco Targets Ther, 2018,11:6405⁃6414. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S156760. |
| [32] | Rini BI, Powles T, Atkins MB, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sunitinib in patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (IMmotion151): a multicentre, open⁃label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2019,393(10189):2404⁃2415. doi: 10.1016/S0140⁃6736(19)30723⁃8. |
| [33] | Grande E, Alonso⁃Gordoa T, Reig O, et al. Results from the INMUNOSUN⁃SOGUG trial: a prospective phaseⅡ study of sunitinib as a second⁃line therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma after immune checkpoint⁃based combination therapy[J]. ESMO Open, 2022,7(2):100463. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100463. |
| [34] | Choueiri TK, Heng DYC, Lee JL, et al. Efficacy of Savolitinib vs Sunitinib in Patients With MET⁃Driven Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: the SAVOIR phase 3 randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2020,6(8):1247⁃1255. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol. 2020.2218. |
| [35] | Cutroneo P, Ingrasciotta Y, Isgrò V, et al. Psoriasis and psoriasiform reactions secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors[J]. Dermatol Ther, 2021,34(2):e14830. doi: 10.1111/dth.14830. |
| [36] | Phillips GS, Freites⁃Martinez A, Wu J, et al. Clinical characterization of immunotherapy⁃related pruritus among patients seen in 2 oncodermatology clinics[J]. JAMA Dermatol, 2019,155(2):249⁃251. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4560. |
| [37] | Nikolaou V, Sibaud V, Fattore D, et al. Immune checkpoint⁃mediated psoriasis: a multicenter European study of 115 patients from the European Network for Cutaneous Adverse Event to Oncologic Drugs (ENCADO) group[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2021,84(5):1310⁃1320. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.08.137. |
| [38] | Weber JS, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD, et al. Safety profile of nivolumab monotherapy: a pooled analysis of patients with advanced melanoma[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2017,35(7):785⁃792. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.66.1389. |
| [39] | Lee CKM, Li S, Tran DC, et al. Characterization of dermatitis after PD⁃1/PD⁃L1 inhibitor therapy and association with multiple oncologic outcomes: a retrospective case⁃control study[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2018,79(6):1047⁃1052. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad. 2018.05.035. |
| [40] | Deutsch A, Lacouture M, Andriessen A, et al. USCOM algorithm for the prevention and management of cutaneous immunotherapy⁃related adverse events[J]. J Drugs Dermatol, 2023,22(11):SF389716s3⁃SF389716s10. doi: 10.36849/JDD.SF389716. |
| [41] | Yamaguchi A, Saito Y, Narumi K, et al. Association between skin immune⁃related adverse events (irAEs) and multisystem irAEs during PD⁃1/PD⁃L1 inhibitor monotherapy[J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2023,149(4):1659⁃1666. doi: 10.1007/s00432⁃022⁃04425⁃z. |
| [42] | Barrios DM, Phillips GS, Geisler AN, et al. IgE blockade with omalizumab reduces pruritus related to immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti⁃HER2 therapies[J]. Ann Oncol, 2021,32(6):736⁃745. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.016. |
| [43] | Coleman E, Ko C, Dai F, et al. Inflammatory eruptions associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a single⁃institution retrospective analysis with stratification of reactions by toxicity and implications for management[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2019,80(4):990⁃997. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.10.062. |
| [44] | Weyers W, Metze D. Histopathology of drug eruptions ⁃ general criteria, common patterns, and differential diagnosis[J]. Dermatol Pract Concept, 2011,1(1):33⁃47. doi: 10.5826/dpc. 0101a09. |
| [45] | Alexandris D, Alevizopoulos N, Marinos L, et al. Lichenoid drug eruption associated with imatinib mesylate therapy[J]. J Oncol Pharm Pract, 2023,29(1):252⁃257. doi: 10.1177/107815522 21096846. |
| [46] | Cremante M, Puglisi S, Gandini A, et al. Apalutamide⁃induced lichenoid reaction in a patient with non⁃metastatic castrate⁃resistant prostate cancer[J]. J Oncol Pharm Pract, 2023,29(7):1748⁃1753. doi: 10.1177/10781552231180598. |
| [47] | Tetzlaff MT, Nagarajan P, Chon S, et al. Lichenoid dermatologic toxicity from immune checkpoint blockade therapy: a detailed examination of the clinicopathologic features[J]. Am J Dermatopathol, 2017,39(2):121⁃129. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000 000000000688. |
| [48] | Haanen J, Obeid M, Spain L, et al. Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow⁃up[J]. Ann Oncol, 2022,33(12):1217⁃1238. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.001. |
| [49] | Ketki Shekhar Bhoite SaM. Lichenoid drug reactions: a retrospective clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological study of 55 cases [J]. Indian Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 10(1):26⁃35. doi: 10.4103/ijdd.ijdd_31_23. |
| [50] | Geisler AN, Phillips GS, Barrios DM, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitor⁃related dermatologic adverse events[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2020,83(5):1255⁃1268. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020. 03.132. |
| [51] | Zhou J, Wang C, Li J, et al. Stevens⁃Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review[J]. Front Immunol, 2024,15:1414136. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1414136. |
| [52] | Zhu J, Chen G, He Z, et al. Stevens⁃Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a safety analysis of clinical trials and FDA pharmacovigilance database[J]. EClinicalMedicine, 2021,37:100951. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100951. |
| [53] | Shah H, Parisi R, Mukherjee E, et al. Update on Stevens⁃Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: diagnosis and management[J]. Am J Clin Dermatol, 2024,25(6):891⁃908. doi: 10.1007/s40257⁃024⁃00889⁃6. |
| [54] | Chen C, Yu H, Yu S. Cutaneous adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review article[J]. Curr Oncol, 2022,29(4):2871⁃2886. doi: 10.3390/curroncol29040234. |
| [55] | Cullingham K, Kost G. A case of bleomycin⁃induced flagellate dermatitis: a case report[J]. SAGE Open Med Case Rep, 2021,9:2050313X211039476. doi: 10.1177/2050313X211039476. |
| [56] | Erkek ET, Karaali CN, Yılmaz G, et al. Bleomycin⁃induced flagellate dermatitis[J]. Turk J Haematol, 2019,36(2):138⁃140. doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2019.2018.0317. |
| [57] | Bulte CA, Hoegler KM, Kutlu Ö, et al. Hydroxyurea: a reappraisal of its cutaneous side effects and their management[J]. Int J Dermatol, 2021,60(7):810⁃817. doi: 10.1111/ijd. 15302. |
| [58] | Kok WL, Chen Q, Lee SSJ, et al. A case series of imatinib⁃induced generalized hypopigmentation and progression of existing acquired dermal melanocytosis[J]. J Dermatolog Treat, 2017,28(8):762⁃763. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1328099. |
| [59] | Jang JW, Song CH, Jung YJ, et al. Imatinib mesylate⁃induced acquired dermal melanocytosis and acquired bilateral nevus of ota⁃like macules[J]. Ann Dermatol, 2021,33(3):293⁃294. doi: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.3.293. |
| [60] | Melosky B, Leighl NB, Rothenstein J, et al. Management of egfr tki⁃induced dermatologic adverse events[J]. Curr Oncol, 2015,22(2):123⁃132. doi: 10.3747/co.22.2430. |
| [61] | Lee JS, Woo J, Kim TM, et al. Skin toxicities induced by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their influence on treatment adjustments in lung cancer patients[J]. Acta Derm Venereol, 2024,104:adv40555. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v104.40555. |
| [62] | Wollina U. Systemic drug⁃induced chronic paronychia and periungual pyogenic granuloma[J]. Indian Dermatol Online J, 2018,9(5):293⁃298. doi: 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_133_18. |
| [63] | Freites⁃Martinez A, Shapiro J, Goldfarb S, et al. Hair disorders in patients with cancer[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2019,80(5):1179⁃1196. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.055. |
| [64] | Wikramanayake TC, Haberland NI, Akhundlu A, et al. Prevention and treatment of chemotherapy⁃induced alopecia: what is available and what is coming?[J]. Curr Oncol, 2023,30(4):3609⁃3626. doi: 10.3390/curroncol30040275. |
| [65] | Saggar V, Wu S, Dickler MN, et al. Alopecia with endocrine therapies in patients with cancer[J]. Oncologist, 2013,18(10):1126⁃1134. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013⁃0193. |
| [66] | Belum VR, Marulanda K, Ensslin C, et al. Alopecia in patients treated with molecularly targeted anticancer therapies[J]. Ann Oncol, 2015,26(12):2496⁃2502. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv390. |
| [67] | Guggina LM, Choi AW. Choi JN. EGFR inhibitors and cutaneous complications: a practical approach to management[J]. Oncol Ther, 2017(5):135⁃148. doi: 10.1007/s40487⁃017⁃0050⁃6. |
| [68] | 中国临床肿瘤学会指南工作委员会. 中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)免疫检查点抑制剂相关的毒性管理指南(2023)[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2023. |
| [69] | Wang F, Qin S, Sun X, et al. Reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with camrelizumab: data derived from a multicenter phase 2 trial[J]. J Hematol Oncol, 2020,13(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s13045⁃020⁃00886⁃2. |
| [70] | Fraticelli P, Benfaremo D, Gabrielli A. Diagnosis and management of leukocytoclastic vasculitis[J]. Intern Emerg Med, 2021,16(4):831⁃841. doi: 10.1007/s11739⁃021⁃02688⁃x. |
| [71] | Zhou S, Kishi N, Alerasool P, et al. Adverse event profile of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non⁃small cell lung cancer: an updated meta⁃analysis[J]. Target Oncol, 2024,19(4):547⁃564. doi: 10.1007/s11523⁃024⁃01073⁃w. |
| [72] | Shameem R, Lacouture M, Wu S. Incidence and risk of high⁃grade stomatitis with mTOR inhibitors in cancer patients[J]. Cancer Invest, 2015,33(3):70⁃77. doi: 10.3109/07357907.2014. 1001893. |
| [73] | Gavrilovic IT, Balagula Y, Rosen AC, et al. Characteristics of oral mucosal events related to bevacizumab treatment[J]. Oncologist, 2012,17(2):274⁃278. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011⁃ 0198. |
| [74] | Vigarios E, Epstein JB, Sibaud V. Oral mucosal changes induced by anticancer targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2017,25(5):1713⁃1739. doi: 10.1007/s00520⁃017⁃3629⁃4. |
| [75] | Yuan A, Woo S. Adverse drug events in the oral cavity[J]. Dermatol Clin, 2020,38(4):523⁃533. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2020. 05.012. |
| [76] | Wang X, Fu T, Sun W. Camrelizumab⁃induced oral lichenoid reaction with subepithelial CD4 T⁃cell infiltration[J]. J Oncol Pharm Pract, 2024,30(1):228⁃234. doi: 10.1177/1078155223 1203723. |
| [77] | 中华医学会医学美容与美学分会皮肤美容学组. 放射性皮炎诊疗专家共识[J]. 中华医学美学美容杂志, 2021,27(5):353⁃357. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671⁃0290.2021.05.001. |
| [78] | Sibaud V, Lebœuf NR, Roche H, et al. Dermatological adverse events with taxane chemotherapy[J]. Eur J Dermatol, 2016,26(5):427⁃443. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2016.2833. |
| [79] | Sibaud V. Anticancer treatments and photosensitivity[J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2022,36 Suppl 6:51⁃58. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18200. |
| [80] | Lembo S, Raimondo A, Conti V, et al. Photosensitivity and cancer immune⁃targeted therapies[J]. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2020,36(3):172⁃178. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12533. |
| [81] | Blakely KM, Drucker AM, Rosen CF. Drug⁃induced photosensitivity⁃an update: culprit drugs, prevention and management[J]. Drug Saf, 2019,42(7):827⁃847. doi: 10.1007/s40264⁃019⁃00806⁃5. |
| [82] | Caravan S, Lopez CM, Yeh JE. Causes and clinical presentation of drug⁃induced dermatomyositis: a systematic review[J]. JAMA Dermatol, 2024,160(2):210⁃217. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023. 5418. |
| [83] | Guerra NL, Matas⁃García A, Serra⁃García L, et al. Dermatomyositis unleashed by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Three additional cases and a review of the literature[J]. Autoimmun Rev, 2023,22(8):103375. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev. 2023.103375. |
| [84] | LaMonica LC, Houser MEL, Harms PW, et al. Case report of dermatomyositis with features of the wong variant developing post⁃trastuzumab therapy for breast cancer[J]. Australas J Dermatol, 2025,66(3):183⁃185. doi: 10.1111/ajd.14456. |
| [85] | Thuner J, Coutant F. IFN⁃γ: an overlooked cytokine in dermatomyositis with anti⁃MDA5 antibodies[J]. Autoimmun Rev, 2023,22(10):103420. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103420. |
| [86] | Yu K, Wang T, An D, et al. Investigating the disparities among drug categories in drug⁃induced dermatomyositis: a systematic review[J]. Semin Arthritis Rheum, 2024,67:152478. doi: 10. 1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152478. |
| [87] | Pang Y, Nguyen WQ, Guerrero LI, et al. Deciphering the etiologies of adult erythroderma: an updated guide to presentations, diagnostic tools, pathophysiologies, and treatments[J]. Am J Clin Dermatol, 2024,25(6):927⁃950. doi: 10.1007/s40257⁃024⁃00886⁃9. |
| [88] | Storgard R, Markova A. Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to immune checkpoint inhibitors[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2024,12(5):1132⁃1136. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.03.034. |
| [89] | Morelli M, Carbone ML, Scaglione GL, et al. Identification of immunological patterns characterizing immune⁃related psoriasis reactions in oncological patients in therapy with anti⁃PD⁃1 checkpoint inhibitors[J]. Front Immunol, 2024,15:1346687. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346687. |
| [90] | Al⁃Saedy M, Al⁃Saedy S, Rieck C. Vemurafenib⁃ and cobimetinib⁃associated drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in a patient with metastatic melanoma[J]. Cureus, 2023,15(8):e44462. doi: 10.7759/cureus.44462. |
| [91] | Schunkert EM, Divito SJ. Updates and insights in the diagnosis and management of DRESS syndrome[J]. Curr Dermatol Rep, 2021,10(4):192⁃204. doi: 10.1007/s13671⁃021⁃00348⁃z. |
| [92] | 上海市医学会皮肤性病学分会, 上海市医学会肿瘤靶分子专科分会. 抗肿瘤药物相关皮肤不良反应管理专家共识[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2023,(10):907⁃919. doi: 10.35541/cjd.20230084. |
| [93] | Kemanetzi C, Lallas K, Lazaridou E, et al. The impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors⁃induced skin toxicity on patients quality of life and the role of dermatologic intervention[J]. Dermatol Pract Concept, 2024,14(3):e2024118. doi: 10.5826/dpc.1403a118. |
| [94] | Santhosh A, Kumar A, Pramanik R, et al. Randomized double⁃blind, placebo⁃controlled study of topical diclofenac in the prevention of hand⁃foot syndrome in patients receiving capecitabine (the D⁃TORCH study)[J]. Trials, 2022,23(1):420. doi: 10.1186/s13063⁃022⁃06353⁃2. |
| [95] | Pham YTH, Vu MT, Nguyen AQ, et al. Pembrolizumab⁃induced Stevens⁃Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in a Vietnamese patient with nonsmall⁃cell lung cancer[J]. Asia Pac Allergy, 2024,14(2):84⁃89. doi: 10.5415/apallergy.0000000000 000131. |
| [96] | Wang X, Cheng G, Liang X, et al. Toxic epidermal necrolysis observed in a patient with the HLA⁃B*1502 treated with levofloxacin[J]. Clin Ther, 2024,46(12):1082⁃1085. doi: 10. 1016/j.clinthera.2024.09.014. |
| [97] | Senda A, Fushimi K, Morishita K. Effect of early cyclosporine treatment on survival in Stevens⁃Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis[J]. Cureus, 2024,16(4):e57862. doi: 10. 7759/cureus.57862. |
| [98] | Garg VK, Buttar HS, Bhat SA, et al. Stevens⁃Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: an overview of diagnosis, therapy options and prognosis of patients[J]. Recent Adv Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov, 2023,17(2):110⁃120. doi: 10.2174/27722 70817666230821102441. |
| [99] | Freites⁃Martinez A, Santana N, Arias⁃Santiago S, et al. Using the common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE ⁃ version 5.0) to evaluate the severity of adverse events of anticancer therapies[J]. Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed), 2021,112(1):90⁃92. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.05.009. |
| [100] | Girnita A, Fournier C, Bjerring P, et al. Algorithm integrating skincare for the management of immunotherapy⁃related cutaneous adverse events for cancer patients and survivors[J]. J Drugs Dermatol, 2024,23(8):85411s3⁃85411s10. doi: 10. 36849/JDD.85411. |
| [101] | McLellan B, Ciardiello F, Lacouture ME, et al. Regorafenib⁃associated hand⁃foot skin reaction: practical advice on diagnosis, prevention, and management[J]. Ann Oncol, 2015,26(10):2017⁃2026. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv244. |
| [102] | Santhosh A, Sharma A, Bakhshi S, et al. Topical diclofenac for prevention of capecitabine⁃associated hand⁃foot syndrome: a double⁃blind randomized controlled trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2024,42(15):1821⁃1829. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01730. |
| [103] | 李志明, 王芬, 范毅南, 等. 加味仙方活命饮外用治疗手足综合征瘀热入络型的临床研究[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2020,35(4):2133⁃2136. |
| [104] | Yu R, Wu X, Jia L, et al. Effect of chinese herbal compound LC09 on patients with capecitabine⁃associated hand⁃foot syndrome: a randomized, double⁃blind, and parallel⁃controlled trial[J]. Integr Cancer Ther, 2020,19:1534735420928466. doi: 10.1177/1534735420928466. |
| [105] | Guo X, Zhou D, Sun L, et al. Traditional chinese medicine for psoriasis vulgaris: a protocol of a prospective, multicenter cohort study[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020,99(41):e21913. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000021913. |
| [106] | Brigitte D, Kiarash K, De Barros Silva Giselle, et al. The role of dermocosmetics in the management of cancer⁃related skin toxicities: international expert consensus[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2023,31(12):672. doi: 10.1007/s00520⁃023⁃08116⁃4. |
| [107] | Gholais NS, Shi C, Zhang J, et al. Network pharmacology⁃based investigation on the mechanism of the jinguanlan formula in treating acne vulgaris[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2022,2022:6944792. doi: 10.1155/2022/6944792. |
| [108] | de Campos WG, Esteves CV, Fernandes LG, et al. Treatment of symptomatic benign migratory glossitis: a systematic review[J]. Clin Oral Investig, 2018,22(7):2487⁃2493. doi: 10.1007/s00784⁃ 018⁃2553⁃4. |
| [109] | 胡丽莎, 彭红华, 米元元, 等. 肿瘤靶向治疗患者皮肤不良反应预防及管理的证据总结[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022,57(9):1061⁃1069. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254⁃1769.2022.09.006. |
| [110] | Sekiguchi K, Sumi M, Saito A, et al. The effectiveness of moisturizer on acute radiation⁃induced dermatitis in breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J]. Breast Cancer, 2023,30(1):2⁃12. doi: 10.1007/s12282⁃022⁃01403⁃8. |
| [111] | Lüftner D, Dell'Acqua V, Selle F, et al. Evaluation of supportive and barrier⁃protective skin care products in the daily prevention and treatment of cutaneous toxicity during systemic chemotherapy[J]. Onco Targets Ther, 2018,11:5865⁃5872. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S155438. |
| [112] | Bensadoun R, Humbert P, Krutman J, et al. Daily baseline skin care in the prevention, treatment, and supportive care of skin toxicity in oncology patients: recommendations from a multinational expert panel[J]. Cancer Manag Res, 2013,5:401⁃408. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S52256. |
| [113] | Diluvio L, Dattola A, Cannizzaro MV, et al. Clinical and confocal evaluation of avenanthramides⁃based daily cleansing and emollient cream in pediatric population affected by atopic dermatitis and xerosis[J]. G Ital Dermatol Venereol, 2019,154(1):32⁃36. doi: 10.23736/S0392⁃0488.18.06002⁃9. |
| [114] | Draelos ZD. A pilot study investigating the efficacy of botanical anti⁃inflammatory agents in an OTC eczema therapy[J]. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2016,15(2):117⁃119. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12199. |
| [115] | Bravo B, Correia P, Junior JEG, et al. Benefits of topical hyaluronic acid for skin quality and signs of skin aging: from literature review to clinical evidence[J]. Dermatol Ther, 2022,35(12):e15903. doi: 10.1111/dth.15903. |
| [116] | Dall'Oglio F, Musumeci ML, Puglisi DF, et al. A novel treatment of diaper dermatitis in children and adults[J]. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2021,20 Suppl 1:1⁃4. doi: 10.1111/jocd. 14091. |
| [117] | Prakoeswa CRS, Damayanti, Anggraeni S, et al. The role of moisturizer containing anti⁃inflammatory on skin hydration in mild⁃moderate atopic dermatitis patients[J]. Dermatol Res Pract, 2024,2024:3586393. doi: 10.1155/drp/3586393. |
| [118] | Que S, Ma X, Yang T, et al. Evaluation of the effect of herbal agents as management of radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J]. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 2024,21(1):e12559. doi: 10.1111/jjns.12559. |
| [119] | Bai B, Ma Y, Liu D, et al. DNA damage caused by chemotherapy has duality, and traditional Chinese medicine may be a better choice to reduce its toxicity[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2024,15:1483160. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1483160. |
| [120] | 彭艳梅, 崔慧娟, 刘喆, 等. 止痒平肤液治疗表皮生长因子受体抑制剂相关皮肤不良反应的临床观察[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2017,37(2):149⁃154. doi: 10.7661/CJIM.2017.02.0149. |
| [121] | Liu Y, Tang J, Yu L, et al. Successful treatment of immune⁃related lichenoid dermatitis by Weiling decoction in a patient with non⁃small cell lung cancer: a case report and review of literature[J]. Explore (NY), 2023,19(5):730⁃735. doi: 10. 1016/j.explore.2023.02.008. |
| [122] | 覃霄燕, 李鸿章, 王海存, 等. 五味消毒饮熏洗联合心理疏导综合干预阿帕替尼后手足综合征(热毒壅盛)随机平行对照研究[J]. 实用中医内科杂志, 2018,32(8):24⁃28. doi: 10. 13729/j.issn.1671⁃7813.Z20180195. |
| [123] | 龚时夏, 薛青, 尤建良. 加味黄芪桂枝五物汤治疗大肠癌XELOX所致周围神经毒型及手足综合征的疗效观察[J]. 中医药导报, 2018,24(2):102⁃103,128. |
| [124] | 石闻光, 周雍明, 何莉莎, 等. 银翘散加减治疗吉非替尼引起的皮疹临床研究[J]. 中医学报, 2014,29(7):954⁃955. doi: 10.16368/j.issn.1674⁃8999.2014.07.007. |
| [125] | 孟雅楠, 蒋玥, 李金红, 等. 养肤润肠汤治疗EGFRI相关皮肤毒性反应的疗效及对美观性的影响[J]. 中国美容医学, 2024,33(1):78⁃81. |
| [126] | Singh M, Alavi A, Wong R, et al. Radiodermatitis: a review of our current understanding[J]. Am J Clin Dermatol, 2016,17(3):277⁃292. doi: 10.1007/s40257⁃016⁃0186⁃4. |
| [127] | 国家卫生健康委. 新型抗肿瘤药物临床应用指导原则(2024年版)[EB/OL]. (2024⁃12⁃31)[2025⁃02⁃18]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/c100068/202501/4b86cb63eb03400eb789f371316ecea1/files/1743410143517_48637.pdf. |
| [128] | 中国抗癌协会肿瘤护理专业委员会. 中国癌症症状管理实践指南——皮肤反应[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2019,34(22):2017⁃2024. doi: 10.16821/j.cnki.hsjx.2019.22.001. |
| [129] | 中华护理学会肿瘤护理专业委员会, 上海市抗癌协会肿瘤护理专业委员会. 肿瘤靶向药物治疗相关皮肤不良反应患者自我管理的专家共识[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024,59(17):2095⁃2099. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254⁃1769.2024.17.007. |
| [130] | Hewitt RM, Dale C, Purcell C, et al. A qualitative exploration of the impact, management, and existing psychological support available for adults living with skin conditions[J]. Acta Derm Venereol, 2024,104:adv40657. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v104.40657. |
| [131] | Tian X, Zhou X, Sun M, et al. The effectiveness of positive psychological interventions for patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J]. J Clin Nurs, 2024,33(9):3752⁃3774. doi: 10.1111/jocn.17358. |
| [132] | Meilhac A, Cautela J, Thuny F. Cancer therapies and vascular toxicities[J]. Curr Treat Options Oncol, 2022,23(3):333⁃347. doi: 10.1007/s11864⁃022⁃00964⁃2. |
| [133] | Dueck AC, Mendoza TR, Mitchell SA, et al. Validity and reliability of the US national cancer institute's patient⁃reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (PRO⁃CTCAE)[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2015,1(8):1051⁃1059. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.2639. |
| [134] | Tan J, Beissert S, Cook⁃Bolden F, et al. Impact of facial atrophic acne scars on quality of life: a multi⁃country population⁃based survey[J]. Am J Clin Dermatol, 2022,23(1):115⁃123. doi: 10.1007/s40257⁃021⁃00628⁃1. |
| [135] | Zainal NH, Hellberg SN, Kabel KE, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) plus attention bias modification (ABM) reduces anxiety sensitivity and depressive symptoms in panic disorder: a pilot randomized trial[J]. Scand J Psychol, 2023,64(4):390⁃400. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12902. |
| [136] | Fang S, Ding D, Ji P, et al. Cognitive defusion and psychological flexibility predict negative body image in the chinese college students: evidence from acceptance and commitment therapy[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022,19(24)doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416519. |
| [137] | Zhao W, Chong YY, Chien WT. Effectiveness of cognitive⁃based interventions for improving body image of patients having breast cancer: a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J]. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs, 2023,10(4):100213. doi: 10.1016/j.apjon. 2023.100213. |
| [138] | Mendes AL, Miot HA, Haddad V. Diabetes mellitus and the skin[J]. An Bras Dermatol, 2017,92(1):8⁃20. doi: 10.1590/abd1806⁃4841.20175514. |
| [139] | Jin JQ, Hong J, Elhage KG, et al. Development of SkinTracker, an integrated dermatology mobile app and web portal enabling remote clinical research studies[J]. Front Digit Health, 2023,5:1228503. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1228503. |
| [1] | Acne Study Group of China Dermatologist Association, Dermatology Professional Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, Acne Study Group of Dermatology and Venereology Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine. Chinese expert consensus on clinical severity grading and therapeutic evaluation of acne vulgaris (2025 edition) [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(8): 709-714. |
| [2] | Chinese Society of Dermatology, China Dermatologist Association. Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of localized scleroderma (2025 edition) [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(8): 699-708. |
| [3] | Huang Xuewei, Chen Qiquan, Yang Xianjie, Chen Anqi, Wang Huan, Deng Sisi, Zhai Zhifang, Wang Juan, Song Zhiqiang . Comparisons of clinical and pathological characteristics of urticarial vasculitis versus chronic spontaneous urticaria with pigmentation [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(6): 508-514. |
| [4] | Qiu Li, Xiao Ting . Bruton′s tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(6): 563-567. |
| [5] | Deng Wei, Jiang Lixiao, Su Wei, Yang Zhou, Liu Xiaoyan, Zhang Gaolei. Clinical analysis of 15 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(5): 460-463. |
| [6] | The Consensus Development Expert Group on Diagnosis and Treatment of Port-wine Stain in Chinese Children, Pediatric Dermatologist Committee, China Dermatologist Association. Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of port-wine stain in children (2025 edition) [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(5): 396-404. |
| [7] | Skin Cancer Research Group, Committee on Dermatology, Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine, Melanoma Society of China Anti-Cancer Association, Society of Integrated Rehabilitation of Skin Tumors, China Anti-Cancer Association. Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of pigmented nevi (2025 edition) [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(5): 387-395. |
| [8] | Group on Children, Chinese Society of Dermatology, Dermatology and Venereology Group, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Dermatology, Pediatric Dermatology Group, China Dermatologist Association. Expert consensus on the construction of specialized outpatient clinics and standardized case management of children with atopic dermatitis in China (2025 version) [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 0(4): 20240338-e20240338. |
| [9] | Wan Yongjun, Yang Haijing, Yan Qiao, Chen Mei, Wang Fengyuan, Su Qianya, Dong Zhengbang, Wang Fei. Clinical and prognostic analysis of nine cases of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(4): 347-351. |
| [10] | Mu Kui, Guo Hui, Wen Haiquan, Long Hai, Liu Yu, Luo Shuaihantian, Huang Xin, Zhou Xingyu, Xiao Rong, Li Yaping. Efficacy and safety analysis of combined telitacicept in 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus based on standard therapy [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(4): 322-327. |
| [11] | Chinese Society of Dermatology, China Dermatologist Association, Dermatology Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Rare Skin Diseases Committee, China Alliance for Rare Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases. Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of paraneoplastic pemphigus in China (2025 version) [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(4): 289-296. |
| [12] | Chinese Society of Dermatology, Chinese Dermatologist Association. Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum (2025 edition) [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 0(4): 20250045-e0250045. |
| [13] | Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Dermatology, Chinese Society of Dermatology, Photomedicine Therapeutic Equipment Group, Committee on Skin Disease and Cosmetic Dermatology, China Association of Medical Equipment. Clinical application of red, blue, and yellow light therapy in dermatology: an expert consensus statement (2025 edition) [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(3): 209-215. |
| [14] | Zhang Xiaoxu, Luo Suju. Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in the treatment of six cases of palmoplantar pustulosis [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 0(2): 20230772-e20230772. |
| [15] | Committee on Skin Disease and Cosmetic Dermatology, China Association of Medical Equipment. Expert consensus on the treatment of dermatoses with targeted drugs (2025 version) [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(2): 99-125. |
|