Abstract: 【Abstract】 Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis in children. Methods Clinical data were collected from children diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae -induced rash and mucositis in the Department of Dermatology, Capital Center for Children's Health, Captital Medical University from August 1, 2023, to December 1, 2023, and their clinical features were analyzed. Results A total of 15 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis were collected, including 8 males and 7 females, aged 4 to 12 years. They were clinically characterized by obvious mucositis, and skin lesions were relatively mild. Oral mucosal involvement was observed in 13 cases, including lip ulcers （12 cases）, oral mucositis （7 cases）, tongue ulcers （3 cases）, and glossitis （1 case）; ocular mucosal involvement was reported in 7 cases, including suppurative conjunctivitis （4 cases）, and eyelid edema （3 cases）; 3 children had vulvogenital mucosal involvement, including coronary sulcus ulcers （1 case）, urethral meatus ulcers （1 case）, labia minora ulcers （1 case）, and perianal ulcers （1 case）; 1 child had nasal mucosal ulcers. Skin lesions occurred on the upper limbs in 5 cases, on the lower limbs in 6 cases, on the face in 2 cases, on the vulva in 2 cases, as well as on the trunk in 1 case. The types of skin lesions included targetoid erythema in 11 cases, vesiculobullous lesions in 6 cases and atypical targetoid erythema in 2 cases. PCR for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in vesiculobullous fluids showed negative results in the 6 patients with vesiculobullous lesions. The patients received systemic and topical treatment with antibiotic agents and glucocorticoids, as well as supportive therapy. Main pulmonary symptoms as well as skin and mucosal lesions of the 15 children subsided within 3 weeks, and they all had a favorable prognosis, without obvious complications or sequelae. Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related skin and mucosal lesions predominantly present as mucositis, with mild or absent skin involvement. The disorder usually has a mild course, characterized by short disease duration and favorable prognosis.

Key words: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, mycoplasma, Mucositis, Child, Skin manifestations, Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis