Abstract: 【Abstract】 Pathological scars mostly result from abnormal remodeling after skin trauma, and they are characterized by dysregulated fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. In recent years, several studies have confirmed that autologous fat injections contain a variety of substances that may be involved in the treatment of scars, such as stromal vascular fraction, adipose-derived stem cells and so on. These substances can inhibit the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of collagen through related pathways, so as to improve the progression and prognosis of pathological scars. Clinical studies have demonstrated that fat injections can effectively ameliorate the thickness, color, softness and local symptoms of pathological scars. Further understanding of the anti-fibrosis mechanism of adipose tissues will facilitate the development of therapies for pathological scars.

Key words: Cicatrix, Adipose tissue, Stem cell transplantation, Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells