[开放获取]    温泉疗法在皮肤病中的研究进展

doi:10.35541/cjd.20250531

中华皮肤科杂志 ›› 2026, e20250531.doi: 10.35541/cjd.20250531

• 综述 • 上一篇

[开放获取] 温泉疗法在皮肤病中的研究进展

许焯红¹ 周欢^2，3 胡煜¹ 顾恒¹

¹北京协和医学院中国医学科学院皮肤病医院皮肤病研究所，南京 210042；²重庆大学，重庆 400044；³重庆玛恩生物技术研究院有限公司，重庆 401123

收稿日期:2025-09-26 修回日期:2026-01-14 发布日期:2026-03-09
通讯作者: 胡煜 E-mail:huyupumc@126.com

Balneotherapy in skin diseases

Xu Zhuohong¹, Zhou Huan^2,3, Hu Yu¹, Gu Heng¹

¹Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; ²Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; ³Chongqing Mine Buty Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401123, China

Received:2025-09-26 Revised:2026-01-14 Published:2026-03-09
Contact: Hu Yu E-mail:huyupumc@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【摘要】温泉疗法借助天然温泉水、矿泥、气体等资源，以温泉水浴、矿泥外敷、含温泉水功能性护肤品等形式应用于临床，凭借其独特的理化及微生物特性，在银屑病、特应性皮炎、寻常痤疮等慢性皮肤病的辅助治疗中疗效显著。其作用机制主要包括抗炎、调节免疫、修复皮肤屏障、抗菌和抗氧化等。多项临床研究证实，温泉疗法在改善慢性炎症性皮肤病症状、提升生活质量等方面有积极作用，但需解决临床研究异质性高、机制解析不足及安全性评估缺失等问题。本文旨在系统分析温泉疗法在皮肤病辅助治疗中的应用及其潜在机制，探讨其在现代皮肤科领域的价值和未来发展方向。

关键词: 皮肤疾病, 温泉, 浴, 泥疗法, 抗炎, 抗氧化, 皮肤屏障修复

Abstract: 【Abstract】 Utilizing natural resources such as natural thermal spring water, mineral mud, and gases, balneotherapy is commonly applied in clinical practice through modalities including thermal water baths, topical mud packs, and functional skincare products containing thermal water. It has demonstrated significant efficacy as an adjuvant treatment for chronic skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne vulgaris, attributed to its unique physicochemical and microbiological properties. Its key mechanisms of action involve anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, skin barrier-repairing, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. Clinical studies have confirmed the positive role of balneotherapy in alleviating symptoms and improving patients' quality of life. However, challenges remain, including high heterogeneity among clinical trials, limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, and insufficient comprehensive safety assessments. This review systematically summarizes the application of balneotherapy in skin diseases and its underlying mechanisms, and explores its value and future directions in modern dermatological practice.

Key words: Skin diseases, Hot springs, Bath, Mud therapy, Anti-inflammation, Antioxidants, Skin barrier repair

许焯红周欢胡煜顾恒. [开放获取] 温泉疗法在皮肤病中的研究进展[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2026,e20250531. doi:10.35541/cjd.20250531

Xu Zhuohong, Zhou Huan, Hu Yu, Gu Heng. Balneotherapy in skin diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology,2026,e20250531. doi:10.35541/cjd.20250531

参考文献 37

［1］	Kanwal S, Osman EY, Khiari I. Comprehensive review of dermatological and cosmeceutical manifestations of thermal water and future insights［J］. Int J Biometeorol, 2025,69（8）:1783⁃1817. DOI: 10.1007/s00484⁃025⁃02937⁃0.
［2］	Nissen JB, Avrach WW, Hansen ES, et al. Increased levels of enkephalin following natural sunlight （combined with salt water bathing at the Dead Sea） and ultraviolet a irradiation［J］. Br J Dermatol, 1998,139（6）:1012⁃1019.
［3］	Mirandola P, Gobbi G, Micheloni C, et al. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits IL⁃8 expression in human keratinocytes via MAP kinase signaling［J］. Lab Invest, 2011,91（8）:1188⁃1194. DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.76.
［4］	Rodrigues L, Ekundi⁃Valentim E, Florenzano J, et al. Protective effects of exogenous and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in mast cell⁃mediated pruritus and cutaneous acute inflammation in mice［J］. Pharmacol Res, 2017,115:255⁃266. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs. 2016.11.006.
［5］	Hilaire P, Ballihaut C, Cornillon C, et al. Evaluation of the effect of an extract of Sphingomonas xenophaga present in a thermal spring water in the management of sensitive skin associated with cutaneous vascular disorder［J］. Int J Cosmet Sci, 2025,47（6）:1017⁃1025. DOI: 10.1111/ics.13087.
［6］	Goldman MP, Merial⁃Kieny C, Nocera T, et al. Comparative benefit of two thermal spring waters after photodynamic therapy procedure［J］. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2007,6（1）:31⁃35. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1473⁃2165.2007.00291.x.
［7］	Mias C, Stennevin A, Doat G, et al. Effect of a low⁃mineralized thermal spring water on skin barrier mechanical properties using atomic force microscopy［J］. Exp Dermatol, 2024,33（6）:e15113. DOI: 10.1111/exd.15113.
［8］	周欢, 许元元, 王家琪. 一款含温泉水的特护乳安全性及舒缓功效评价——基于动物试验与体外实验的研究［J］. 生物化工, 2025,11（5）:1⁃6. DOI: 10.20284/j.cnki.swhg.2025.05.012.
［9］	Goswami R, Sarkar A, Bandyopadhyay B, et al. Exploring microbial diversity in the Kharasinpur hot spring of West Bengal, India［J］. Mol Biol Rep, 2025,52（1）:608. DOI: 10.1007/s11033⁃025⁃10690⁃1.
［10］	Rafiee Z, Jalili Tabaii M, Moradi M, et al. Unveiling antibacterial potential and physiological characteristics of thermophilic bacteria isolated from a hot spring in Iran［J］. Microorganisms, 2024,12（4）:834. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040834.
［11］	Alqahtani O, Stapleton P, Gibbons S. Production of antibacterial compounds using Bacillus spp. Isolated from thermal springs in Saudi Arabia［J］. Saudi Pharm J, 2023,31（7）:1237⁃1243. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.05.015.
［12］	Huang A, Seité S, Adar T. The use of balneotherapy in dermatology［J］. Clin Dermatol, 2018,36（3）:363⁃368. DOI: 10. 1016/j.clindermatol.2018.03.010.
［13］	Zhang X, Yu P, Hong N, et al. Effect and mechanism of hydrogen⁃rich bath on mice with imiquimod⁃induced psoriasis［J］. Exp Dermatol, 2023,32（10）:1674⁃1681. DOI: 10.1111/exd.14872.
［14］	Szenczi A, Peter I, Nusser N, et al. Is balneotherapy protective against oxidative stress? A pilot study［J］. In Vivo, 2023,37（2）:858⁃861. DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13153.
［15］	Thouvenin M⁃D, Bacquey A, Babin M, et al. Efficacy of Avène hydrotherapy on chronic pruritus in patients with plaque psoriasis［J］. Dermatol Ther （Heidelb）, 2023,13（12）:3137⁃3151. DOI: 10.1007/s13555⁃023⁃01047⁃2.
［16］	Kulisch Á, Mándó Z, Sándor E, et al. Evaluation of the effects of Lake HéVíz sulfur thermal water on skin microbiome in plaque psoriasis: an open label, pilot study［J］. Int J Biometeorol, 2023,67（4）:661⁃673. DOI: 10.1007/s00484⁃023⁃02443⁃1.
［17］	Manara S, Beghini F, Masetti G, et al. Thermal therapy modulation of the psoriasis⁃associated skin and gut microbiome［J］. Dermatol Ther （Heidelb）, 2023,13（11）:2769⁃2783. DOI: 10.1007/s13555⁃023⁃01036⁃5.
［18］	Szabó I, Szenczi Á, Zand A, et al. The effect of Szigetvár medicinal water on hacat cells exposed to dithranol［J］. Life （Basel）, 2024,14（10）:1318. DOI: 10.3390/life14101318.
［19］	Brockow T, Schiener R, Franke A, et al. A pragmatic randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of low concentrated saline spa water baths followed by ultraviolet B （UVB） compared to UVB only in moderate to severe psoriasis［J］. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2007,21（8）:1027⁃1037.
［20］	Lee S, Lim NY, Kang MS, et al. IL⁃31RA and TRPV1 expression in atopic dermatitis induced with trinitrochlorobenzene in Nc/Nga mice［J］. Int J Mol Sci, 2023,24（17）:13521. DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713521.
［21］	Farina S, Gisondi P, Zanoni M, et al. Balneotherapy for atopic dermatitis in children at Comano spa in Trentino, Italy［J］. J Dermatolog Treat, 2011,22（6）:366⁃371. DOI: 10.3109/09546634. 2010.512950.
［22］	Geat D, Giovannini M, Barlocco EG, et al. Characteristics associated with clinical response to Comano thermal spring water balneotherapy in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis［J］. Ital J Pediatr, 2021,47（1）:91. DOI: 10.1186/s13052⁃021⁃00971⁃3.
［23］	Moini Jazani A, Ayati MH, Nadiri AA, et al. Efficacy of hydrotherapy, spa therapy, and balneotherapy for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review［J］. Int J Dermatol, 2023,62（2）:177⁃189. DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16080.
［24］	Crocco EI, Vasconcelos RC, Andrade CS, et al. Treatment of acne vulgaris with a topical application of retinaldehyde, glycolic acid, and silybum marianum fruit extract: a pilot study［J］. Cureus, 2025,17（8）:e89218. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.89218.
［25］	Khammari A, Demessant⁃Flavigny AL, Kerob D, et al. A salicylic acid⁃based dermocosmetic is effective as an adjunct to benzoyl peroxide for mild to moderate acne and as monotherapy in maintenance post benzoyl peroxide［J］. J Drugs Dermatol, 2023,22（12）:1172⁃1177. DOI: 10.36849/JDD.7449.
［26］	Faisal UA, Jamil A, Jaafar H, et al. Effects of Malaysian thermal spring water as adjunct therapy for mild to moderate acne vulgaris ⁃ a prospective, randomised, controlled, split face study［J］. Med J Malaysia, 2024,79（2）:157⁃164.
［27］	Rousel J, Nădăban A, Saghari M, et al. Lesional skin of seborrheic dermatitis patients is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and correlating alterations in the stratum corneum ceramide composition［J］. Exp Dermatol, 2024,33（1）:e14952. DOI: 10.1111/exd.14952.
［28］	Comacchi C, Hercogova J. A single mud treatment induces normalization of stratum corneum hydration, transepidermal water loss, skin surface pH and sebum content in patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis［J］. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2004,18（3）:372⁃374.
［29］	Pekmezci E, TM. Cosmetic antidandruff shampoo found far more effective than ketokonazole shampoo: probable contribution of thermal mineral water［J］. Esperienze Dermatol, 2021,23:33⁃38. DOI: 10.23736/S1128⁃9155.21.00504⁃5.
［30］	Von Martial S, Kok L, Gründel S, et al. Introduction of a specific dermatological rehabilitation programme for patients with chronic pruritus: a pilot study［J］. Acta Derm Venereol, 2022,102:adv00831. DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.2930.
［31］	Lopes S, Morgado S, Gomes A, et al. Unravelling the benefits of thermal waters enhancing oral health: a pilot study［J］. BMC Oral Health, 2024,24（1）:1502. DOI: 10.1186/s12903⁃024⁃05278⁃3.
［32］	Zhang J, Yao Y, Tan Y, et al. Genetic analysis of seven patients with inherited ichthyosis and Nagashima‑type palmoplantar keratoderma［J］. Mol Med Rep, 2024,30（1）:381⁃387. DOI: 10. 3892/mmr.2024.13235.
［33］	Bodemer C, Bourrat E, Mazereeuw⁃Hautier J, et al. Short⁃ and medium⁃term efficacy of specific hydrotherapy in inherited ichthyosis［J］. Br J Dermatol, 2011,165（5）:1087⁃1094. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1365⁃2133.2011.10510.x.
［34］	Protano C, Vitali M, De Giorgi A, et al. Balneotherapy using thermal mineral water baths and dermatological diseases: a systematic review［J］. Int J Biometeorol, 2024,68（6）:1005⁃1013. DOI: 10.1007/s00484⁃024⁃02649⁃x.
［35］	Carabelli A, De Bernardi Di Valserra G, De Bernardi Di Valserra M, et al. Effect of thermal mud baths on normal, dry and seborrheic skin［J］. Clin Ter, 1998,149（4）:271⁃275.
［36］	汪倩, 李咏, 鲜燕, 等. 含西藏温泉水的修护霜对敏感性皮肤辅助治疗作用的临床观察［J］. 中国美容医学, 2020,29（8）:49⁃52. DOI: 10.15909/j.cnki.cn61⁃1347/r.003867.
［37］	Patsatsi A, Vakirlis E, Kanelleas A, et al. Effect of a novel "emollient plus" formulation on mild⁃to⁃severe atopic dermatitis and other dry skin⁃related diseases as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy: an observational study on efficacy, tolerance and quality of life in adult patients［J］. Eur J Dermatol, 2023,33（2）:137⁃146. DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2023.4449.

[1]	刘力豪胡煜陈崑. 光生物调节作用在皮肤科的应用研究与进展[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2026, 59(3): 278-282.
[2]	雷梁锌雯吴昊卢忠. 光学相干断层扫描技术在皮肤美容中的应用与进展[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2026, 59(3): 273-277.
[3]	“Chinese expert consensus on the clinical application of photobiomodulation therapy in dermatology （）”解读专家组中华医学会皮肤性病学分会激光学组. [开放获取] 2025版光生物调节疗法在皮肤科的临床应用中国专家共识要点解读[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2026, 59(3): 208-212.
[4]	中华医学会皮肤性病学分会中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会. [开放获取] 中国皮炎湿疹类疾病诊疗指南（2026版）[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2026, 59(2): 97-106.
[5]	王溯吴晋彤李文钰章程李承新王睿. 低温等离子体治疗小鼠非开放性金黄色葡萄球菌感染性皮肤病的有效性和安全性评价[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2026, 59(1): 44-50.
[6]	蒋佳怡王大光. 皮肤外科围手术期血栓的预防与管理[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2026, 59(1): 85-88.
[7]	周妙妮盛安琪傅丽芳金嵘许文尉晓冬许爱娥. 茶多酚抗氧化凝胶联合窄谱中波紫外线治疗白癜风的疗效及安全性单中心随机对照试验[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(9): 834-838.
[8]	洪永镇王倩梁俊琴. 二代测序技术在非遗传性皮肤病领域中的运用[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(8): 793-796.
[9]	孙雨欣霍思懿陈佳妤熊和平朱明芳. 新型冠状病毒感染相关皮肤病：长沙地区一项横断面调查[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(5): 464-469.
[10]	何春霞晋红中. 【开放获取】急危重皮肤病的诊疗原则、现状、挑战和展望[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(4): 307-314.
[11]	董艺穆妮热·塔伊尔闫昕章星琪. 机器学习在皮肤疾病中的研究应用[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 0(3): 20240290-e20240290.
[12]	魏亚鹿沈征宇. 空间转录组学及其在皮肤疾病中的应用[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 0(3): 20220429-e20220429.
[13]	陈良宏孙艳王敬玉吴严. 本维莫德在皮肤病中的研究进展[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(3): 266-268.
[14]	中国康复医学会皮肤病康复专业委员会中华医学会皮肤性病学分会中国医学装备协会皮肤病与皮肤美容分会光医学治疗装备学组. [开放获取] 红蓝黄光治疗皮肤病临床应用专家共识（2025版）[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(3): 209-215.
[15]	李倩雯廖志锴乐悦段博林耿朦朦雷铁池. 抗氧化剂Tempol抑制氧化应激状态下免疫诱导白癜风小鼠尾部皮肤色素脱失[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(2): 126-131.

[开放获取] 温泉疗法在皮肤病中的研究进展

Balneotherapy in skin diseases

PDF

PDF (Mobile)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 37

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 10