Abstract: 【Abstract】 Optical coherence tomography （OCT） is a non-invasive imaging technique based on low-coherence interferometry that enables real-time visualization of skin microstructures with high spatial resolution, partially overcoming the limitations of conventional histopathological examinations and other non-invasive modalities in dynamic observation and longitudinal assessment. With advances in imaging systems and image analysis techniques in recent years, the application of OCT in cosmetic dermatology has expanded, including the auxiliary diagnosis and treatment evaluation of skin aging, pigmentary disorders, and vascular skin conditions. This review summarizes the imaging principles and key measurement parameters of OCT, as well as research progress in its application in the assessment and treatment monitoring of cosmetic dermatological concerns, and discusses its future development prospects.

Key words: Tomography, optical coherence, Skin imaging technology, Medical cosmetology, Skin diseases, Artificial intelligence