Abstract: In this paper, we present first case of atypical mycobacteriosis caused by M. scrofulaceum. The patient, a 49 years old woman, peasant, had an erythematous plaque involving the face for seven years without any symptom. In the recent two years the lesion gradually enlarged and elevated, sometimes with exudate and crust. But no ulceration occurred.The skin lesion showed yellowish erythematous plaque, 3×4.5 cm in size. The general condition of the patient was good. Clinical and histopathological diagnosis: Sarcoidosis? Lup us vulgaris? Skin biopsy showed widespread epithelioid cell granuomal. Repeated cultivation and subculture were all positive. Then we gave this strain a code number S₁₇. S₁₇ strain was identified. The results showed that S17 strain belonged to Group Ⅱ according to Runyon's classification. Its properties are identical to M. scrofulaceum.