关键词: 外阴硬化性苔藓, 皮肤镜检查, 儿童, 病理过程

Abstract: 【Abstract】 Objective To investigate dermoscopic features of childhood vulvar lichen sclerosus. Methods From January 2019 to May 2021, 79 female children with vulvar lichen sclerosus were collected from Kunming Children′s Hospital, and their dermoscopic features at first and return visits were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 79 female children with vulvar lichen sclerosus, their age ranged from 2.4 to 12 years, the age at onset was 5.6 ± 2.12 years, the course of disease was 14.23 ± 12.36 months, and 30 children received regular follow-up and treatment. Among 329 skin lesions at the first visit, characteristic vascular shapes were observed in 149 （45.3%）, including linear vessels in 129, punctate vessels in 25, coiled vessels in 19, and hairpin-like vessels in 12; degenerative structures and pigment abnormalities were seen in 207 （62.92%）, including bluish-gray pigmented structures in 136, brown pigmented structures in 51, pepper-like patterns in 15, etc.; yellowish-white structureless areas were found in 280 （85.1%）, follicular keratotic plugs in 97 （29.5%）, and reddish-violet globules and patches in 66 （20%）. Among 238 skin lesions at the return visit, characteristic vascular shapes were observed in 100 （42%）, including linear vessels in 87, dendritic vessels in 21 and punctate vessels in 4, and no hairpin-like vessels were observed; degenerative structures and pigment abnormalities were seen in 154 （64.70%）, including brown pigmented structures in 93, bluish-gray pigmented structures in 57, and pepper-like patterns in 4; yellowish-white structureless areas were found in 165 （69.3%）, follicular keratotic plugs in 62 （26.1%）, and reddish-violet globules and patches in 8 （3.4%）. The prevalence rates of bluish-gray pigmented structures, yellowish-white structureless areas, reddish-violet globules and patches, punctate vessels, hairpin-like vessels, and coiled vessels in the skin lesions were all significantly lower at the return visit than at the first visit （all P < 0.05）, while the prevalence rate of the brown pigmented structure was significantly higher at the return visit than at the first visit （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Under a dermoscope, yellowish-white structureless areas are a highly specific characteristic of childhood vulvar lichen sclerosus, and therapeutic effect can be monitored by observing changes in dermoscopic features, including brown pigmented structures, bluish-gray pigmented structures, yellowish-white structureless areas, reddish-violet globules and patches, and vascular structures. Dermoscopy shows favorable application value in auxiliary diagnosis and follow-up observation of childhood vulvar lichen sclerosus.

Key words: Vulvar lichen sclerosus, Dermoscopy, Child, Pathologic processes