参考文献 [1] Bigliardi-Qi M, Lipp B, Sumanovski LT, et al. Changes of epidermal mu-opiate receptor expression and nerve endings in chronic atopic dermatitis. Dermatol 2005; 210: 91-99. [2] Nelde A, Teufel M, Hahn C, et al. The impact of the route and frequency of antigen exposure on the IgE response in allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 2001, 124(4); 461-469. [3] Spergel JM, Mizoguchi E, Brewer JP, et al. Epicutaneous sensitization with protein antigen induces localized allergic dermatitis and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine after single exposure to aerosolized antigen in mice. J Clin Invest, 1998; 101: 1614-1622. [4] Herrick CA, Macleod H, Glusac E, et al. Th2 responses induced by epicutaneous of inhalational protein exposure are differentially dependent on IL-4. J Clin Invest, 2000; 105;765-775. [5] Stander S, Gunzer M, Metze D, et al. Localization of micro-opioid receptor 1A on sensory nerve fibers in human skin. Regul Pept 2002; 110:75–83. [6] Bigliardi-Qi M, Bigliardi PL, Eberle AN, et al. Beta-endorphin stimulates cytokeratin 16 expression and downregulates muopiate receptor expression in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 114: 527–532. [7] Mitsutoshi Tominaga,Hideoki Ogawa,Kenji Takamori . Possible roles of epidermal opioid systems in pruritus of atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127: 2228–2235. [8] Bigliardi-Qi M, Sumanovski LT, Buchner S, et al. Mu-opiate receptor and beta-endorphin expression in nerve endings and keratinocytes in human skin. Dermatol 2004; 209: 183–189. [9] Mei Bigliardi-Qi, Claire Gaveriaux-Ruff, Katrin Pfaltz, et al. Deletion of μ- and κ-opioid receptors in mice changes epidermal hypertrophy, density of peripheral nerve endings, and itch behavior. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:1479-1488. [10] Paul L Bigliardi, Holger Stammer, Gerhard Jost, et al: Treatment of pruritus with topically applied opiate receptor antagonist. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 56: 979-988. [11] Keith DE, Anton B, Murray SR, et al. μ-opioid receptor internalization: Opiate drugs have differential effects on a conserved endocytic mechanism in vitro and in the mammalian brain. Mol Pharmacol 1998; 53:377–384. [12] Georgala S, Schulpis KH, Papaconstantinou ED, et al: Raised beta-endorphin serum levels in children with atopic dermatitis and pruritus. J Dermatol Sci 1994; 8: 125–128. [13] Glinski W, Brodecka H, Glinska-Ferenz M, et al: Increased concentration of beta-endorphin in the sera of patients with severe atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 1995; 75: 9–11. |