[开放获取]   儿童鲜红斑痣诊疗专家共识（2025版）

doi:10.35541/cjd.20240452

中华皮肤科杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (5): 396-404.doi: 10.35541/cjd.20240452

[开放获取] 儿童鲜红斑痣诊疗专家共识（2025版）

中国儿童鲜红斑痣诊断和治疗专家共识制订专家组中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会儿童学组

中国儿童鲜红斑痣诊断和治疗专家共识制订专家组中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会儿童学组

收稿日期:2024-08-22 修回日期:2025-01-21 发布日期:2025-04-30
通讯作者: 徐子刚；王华 E-mail:zigangxupek@163.comhuawang@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn
基金资助:
北京市医院管理中心“登峰”人才培养计划（DFL20241201）

Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of port-wine stain in children （2025 edition）

The Consensus Development Expert Group on Diagnosis and Treatment of Port-wine Stain in Chinese Children; Pediatric Dermatologist Committee, China Dermatologist Association

The Consensus Development Expert Group on Diagnosis and Treatment of Port-wine Stain in Chinese Children; Pediatric Dermatologist Committee, China Dermatologist Association

Received:2024-08-22 Revised:2025-01-21 Published:2025-04-30
Contact: Xu Zigang; Wang Hua E-mail:zigangxupek@163.comhuawang@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The study was funded by the Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan（DFL20241201）

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【摘要】鲜红斑痣是一种儿童最为常见的低流量毛细血管畸形，常常出生后出现，好发于面颈部等暴露部位，严重影响患儿身心健康和家庭生活质量。儿童处于生长发育阶段，鲜红斑痣相关综合征早期仅有红斑表现，容易忽略皮肤外系统受累，造成误诊或漏诊，更应尽早识别。中国儿童鲜红斑痣诊断和治疗专家共识制订专家组结合国内外最新研究进展，在广泛讨论基础上，从儿童鲜红斑痣病因及发病机制、临床表现、辅助检查、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗、健康教育等方面制订共识，为临床医师诊疗提供指导。

关键词: 葡萄酒色痣, 儿童, 诊断, 治疗, 专家共识

Abstract: 【Abstract】 Port-wine stain （PWS） is the most common type of low-flow capillary malformations in children. PWS often occurs after birth with a predilection for the face and neck, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of patients and the quality of life of their families. Compared with adults, children are in a growth and development stage. PWS-related syndromes can affect extracutaneous organs, but may only present with mild erythema in the early stage, and is liable to result in misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Therefore, early recognition is particularly important. Based on the latest Chinese and international research progress and through extensive discussions, the Consensus Development Expert Group on Diagnosis and Treatment of PWS in Chinese Children formulated the consensus on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of, as well as health education for PWS in children, aiming to provide guidance for clinicians on the diagnosis and treatment of PWS.

Key words: Port-wine stain, Child, Diagnosis, Therapy, Expert consensus

中国儿童鲜红斑痣诊断和治疗专家共识制订专家组中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会儿童学组. [开放获取] 儿童鲜红斑痣诊疗专家共识（2025版）[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025,58(5):396-404. doi:10.35541/cjd.20240452

The Consensus Development Expert Group on Diagnosis and Treatment of Port-wine Stain in Chinese Children, Pediatric Dermatologist Committee, China Dermatologist Association. Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of port-wine stain in children （2025 edition）[J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2025, 58(5): 396-404.doi:10.35541/cjd.20240452

参考文献 70

［1］	马琳, 王华. 儿童皮肤病学［M］. 2版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2024:341⁃342.
［2］	Zhang B, Ma L. Updated classification and therapy of vascular malformations in pediatric patients［J］. Pediatr Investig, 2018,2（2）:119⁃123. doi: 10.1002/ped4.12043.
［3］	Centre for Evidence⁃Based Medicine, University of Oxford. Oxford Centre for Evidence⁃Based Medicine: levels of evidence （March 2009）［EB/OL］.2009［2024⁃03⁃25］. https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels⁃of⁃vidence/oxford⁃centre⁃for⁃evidence⁃based⁃medicine⁃levels⁃of⁃evidence⁃march⁃2009.
［4］	Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations［J］. BMJ, 2008,336（7650）:924⁃926. doi: 10. 1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD.
［5］	Ustaszewski A, Janowska⁃Głowacka J, Wołyńska K, et al. Genetic syndromes with vascular malformations ⁃ update on molecular background and diagnostics［J］. Arch Med Sci, 2021,17（4）:965⁃991. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2020.93260.
［6］	Orme CM, Boyden LM, Choate KA, et al. Capillary malformation⁃⁃arteriovenous malformation syndrome: review of the literature, proposed diagnostic criteria, and recommendations for management［J］. Pediatr Dermatol, 2013,30（4）:409⁃415. doi: 10.1111/pde.12112.
［7］	Yu L, Qin K, Deng X, et al. Epidemiological study of capillary malformation among 7299 infants under 1 year of age in China［J］. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2023,37（3）:627⁃632. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18767.
［8］	Zhang B, He R, Xu Z, et al. Somatic mutation spectrum of a Chinese cohort of pediatrics with vascular malformations［J］. Orphanet J Rare Dis, 2023,18（1）:261. doi: 10.1186/s13023⁃023⁃02860⁃w.
［9］	张斌, 何瑞, 宋俐, 等. 儿童复杂脉管畸形的分子诊断和靶向治疗的研究进展［J］. 中华预防医学杂志, 2023,57（9）:1481⁃1488. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150⁃20220930⁃00940.
［10］	Tan W, Wang J, Zhou F, et al. Coexistence of Eph receptor B1 and ephrin B2 in port⁃wine stain endothelial progenitor cells contributes to clinicopathological vasculature dilatation［J］. Br J Dermatol, 2017,177（6）:1601⁃1611. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15716.
［11］	Williams J, Brasch HD, Bockett N, et al. Embryonic stem cell⁃like population in hypertrophic portwine stain［J/OL］. J Vasc Anom, 2021,2（1）:e006. doi: 10.1097/JOVA.0000000000000006.
［12］	Nguyen V, Gao C, Hochman ML, et al. Endothelial cells differentiated from patient dermal fibroblast⁃derived induced pluripotent stem cells resemble vascular malformations of port⁃wine birthmark［J］. Br J Dermatol, 2023,189（6）:780⁃783. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljad330.
［13］	Nguyen V, Kravitz J, Gao C, et al. Perturbations of glutathione and sphingosine metabolites in port wine birthmark patient⁃derived induced pluripotent stem cells［J］. Metabolites, 2023,13（9）:983. doi: 10.3390/metabo13090983.
［14］	Bolognia J, Cerroni L, Schaffer JV. Dermatology［M］. 4th. Amsterdam: Elservier, 2018:1810.
［15］	Saliba E, Yumeen S, Tannous Z. Acquired port⁃wine stains: a report of two cases and review of the literature［J］. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2023,22（3）:945⁃948. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15526.
［16］	Piaserico S, Belloni Fortina A. Posttraumatic port⁃wine stain in a 4⁃year⁃old girl: Fegeler syndrome［J］. Pediatr Dermatol, 2004,21（2）:131⁃133. doi: 10.1111/j.0736⁃8046.2004.21209.x.
［17］	Hoque S, Holden C. Acquired port wine stain following oral isotretinoin［J］. Clin Exp Dermatol, 2005,30（5）:587⁃588. doi: 10.1111/j.1365⁃2230.2005.01805.x.
［18］	Lee JJ, Lee JC, Kim BS, et al. A comparison of acquired port⁃wine stain with congenital port⁃wine stain using an image analyzer［J］. Ann Dermatol, 2008,20（1）:1⁃5. doi: 10.5021/ad. 2008.20.1.1.
［19］	Nussbaumer⁃Ochsner Y, Spinas G. Dermatological sequela of a car accident: acquired port⁃wine stain （Fegeler syndrome）［J］. BMJ Case Rep, 2015,2015:bcr2015210860. doi: 10.1136/bcr⁃2015⁃210860.
［20］	Seremet S, Benar EB, Afsar FS, et al. A case of acquired port wine stain: an association with repeated sunburn?［J］. Int J Dermatol, 2016,55（10）:e544⁃e546. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13332.
［21］	Stephens MR, Putterman E, Yan AC, et al. Acquired port⁃wine stains in six pediatric patients［J］. Pediatr Dermatol, 2020,37（1）:93⁃97. doi: 10.1111/pde.14019.
［22］	Rozas⁃Muñoz E, Frieden IJ, Roé E, et al. Vascular stains: proposal for a clinical classification to improve diagnosis and management［J］. Pediatr Dermatol, 2016,33（6）:570⁃584. doi: 10.1111/pde.12939.
［23］	Bichsel C, Bischoff J. A somatic missense mutation in GNAQ causes capillary malformation［J］. Curr Opin Hematol, 2019,26（3）:179⁃184. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000500.
［24］	Zhang B, He R, Wu R, et al. Somatic GNA11/GNAQ variants in a cohort of Chinese children with phakomatosis pigmentovas⁃cularis［J］. Pediatr Investig, 2024,8（2）:117⁃125. doi: 10.1002/ped4.12424.
［25］	Wang X, Suo H, Gao Y, et al. Correlation between the hemoporfin⁃mediated photodynamic treatment response and the dermoscopy vascular pattern in patients with a port⁃wine stain: a prospective study［J］. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2020,34（12）:2795⁃2801. doi: 10.1111/jdv.16596.
［26］	胡燕燕, 姜倩, 陈柳青, 等. 反射式共聚焦显微镜在海姆泊芬光动力疗法治疗紫红型鲜红斑痣疗效评估中的应用［J］. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2021,54（4）:342⁃346. doi: 10.35541/cjd.2020 0434.
［27］	Wang X, Fu Y, Liu Y, et al. Non⁃invasive detection technology in port⁃wine stain treatment［J］. Chin Med J （Engl）, 2022,135（21）:2535⁃2537. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002124.
［28］	Fusano M, Bencini PL. Capillaroscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy characterization of refractory port⁃wine stains［J］. Lasers Med Sci, 2021,36（2）:407⁃412. doi: 10.1007/s10103⁃020⁃03084⁃1.
［29］	Sabeti S, Ball KL, Burkhart C, et al. Consensus statement for the management and treatment of port⁃wine birthmarks in Sturge⁃Weber syndrome［J］. JAMA Dermatol, 2021,157（1）:98⁃104. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.4226.
［30］	McCuaig CC. Update on classification and diagnosis of vascular malformations［J］. Curr Opin Pediatr, 2017,29（4）:448⁃454. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000518.
［31］	Luks VL, Kamitaki N, Vivero MP, et al. Lymphatic and other vascular malformative/overgrowth disorders are caused by somatic mutations in PIK3CA［J］. J Pediatr, 2015,166（4）:1048⁃1054.e1⁃5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.069.
［32］	Hughes M, Hao M, Luu M. PIK3CA vascular overgrowth syndromes: an update［J］. Curr Opin Pediatr, 2020,32（4）:539⁃546. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000923.
［33］	Garzon MC, Huang JT, Enjolras O, et al. Vascular malformations. Part Ⅱ: associated syndromes［J］. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2007,56（4）:541⁃564. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.05.066.
［34］	Valdivielso⁃Ramos M, Martin⁃Santiago A, Azaña JM, et al. Capillary malformation⁃arteriovenous malformation syndrome: a multicentre study［J］. Clin Exp Dermatol, 2021,46（2）:300⁃305. doi: 10.1111/ced.14428.
［35］	Lee MS, Liang MG, Mulliken JB. Diffuse capillary malformation with overgrowth: a clinical subtype of vascular anomalies with hypertrophy［J］. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2013,69（4）:589⁃594. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.05.030.
［36］	乌日嘎, 李丽, 尉莉, 等. 色素血管性斑痣性错构瘤病的研究现状与探索［J］. 中国皮肤性病学杂志, 2022,36（4）:367⁃370. doi: 10.13735/j.cjdv.1001⁃7089.202101189.
［37］	乌日嘎, 何瑞, 张斌, 等. 合并Klippel⁃Trenaunay综合征及Sturge⁃Weber综合征的色素血管性斑痣性错构瘤病1例［J］. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2022,55（6）:540⁃541. doi: 10.35541/cjd. 20220006.
［38］	Floria M, Năfureanu ED, Iov DE, et al. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and arterio⁃venous malformations⁃from diagnosis to therapeutic challenges［J］. J Clin Med, 2022,11（9）:2634. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092634.
［39］	Parrot A, Barral M, Amiot X, et al. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia［J］. Rev Mal Respir, 2023,40（5）:391⁃405. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.02.007.
［40］	Brightman LA, Geronemus RG, Reddy KK. Laser treatment of port⁃wine stains［J］. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol, 2015,8:27⁃33. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S53118.
［41］	Zhu J, Yu W, Wang T, et al. Less is more: similar efficacy in three sessions and seven sessions of pulsed dye laser treatment in infantile port⁃wine stain patients［J］. Lasers Med Sci, 2018,33（8）:1707⁃1715. doi: 10.1007/s10103⁃018⁃2525⁃6.
［42］	Chang CJ, Hsiao YC, Mihm MC Jr, et al. Pilot study examining the combined use of pulsed dye laser and topical imiquimod versus laser alone for treatment of port wine stain birthmarks［J］. Lasers Surg Med, 2008,40（9）:605⁃610. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20716.
［43］	Chapas AM, Eickhorst K, Geronemus RG. Efficacy of early treatment of facial port wine stains in newborns: a review of 49 cases［J］. Lasers Surg Med, 2007,39（7）:563⁃568. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20529.
［44］	Morelli JG, Weston WL, Huff JC, et al. Initial lesion size as a predictive factor in determining the response of port⁃wine stains in children treated with the pulsed dye laser［J］. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 1995,149（10）:1142⁃1144. doi: 10.1001/archpedi. 1995.02170230096014.
［45］	Nguyen CM, Yohn JJ, Huff C, et al. Facial port wine stains in childhood: prediction of the rate of improvement as a function of the age of the patient, size and location of the port wine stain and the number of treatments with the pulsed dye （585 nm） laser［J］. Br J Dermatol, 1998,138（5）:821⁃825. doi: 10.1046/j.1365⁃2133.1998.02219.x.
［46］	Bajaj S, Tao J, Hashemi DA, et al. Weekly pulsed dye laser treatments for port⁃wine birthmarks in infants［J］. JAMA Dermatol, 2024,160（6）:606⁃611. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol. 2024.0293.
［47］	Sivarajan V, MacKay IR. The relationship between location, color, and vessel structure within capillary vascular malformations［J］. Ann Plast Surg, 2004,53（4）:378⁃381. doi: 10.1097/01.sap.0000125498.11585.ab.
［48］	Yu W, Ma G, Qiu Y, et al. Why do port⁃wine stains （PWS） on the lateral face respond better to pulsed dye laser （PDL） than those located on the central face?［J］. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2016,74（3）:527⁃535. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.026.
［49］	Savas JA, Ledon JA, Franca K, et al. Pulsed dye laser⁃resistant port⁃wine stains: mechanisms of resistance and implications for treatment［J］. Br J Dermatol, 2013,168（5）:941⁃953. doi: 10. 1111/bjd.12204.
［50］	Kaur Hora M, Choudhary N, Agrawal S, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety profile of long⁃pulsed 1064 Neodymium:Yttrium⁃Aluminum⁃Garnet （Nd:YAG） laser in hemangioma and vascular malformation in darker skin types［J］. Cureus, 2022,14（6）:e25742. doi: 10.7759/cureus.25742.
［51］	Zhong SX, Liu YY, Yao L, et al. Clinical analysis of port⁃wine stain in 130 Chinese patients treated by long⁃pulsed 1064⁃nm Nd: YAG laser［J］. J Cosmet Laser Ther, 2014,16（6）:279⁃283. doi: 10.3109/14764172.2014.946052.
［52］	Wang T, Chen D, Yang J, et al. Safety and efficacy of dual⁃wavelength laser （1064 + 595 nm） for treatment of non⁃treated port⁃wine stains［J］. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2018,32（2）:260⁃264. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14490.
［53］	Tierney EP, Hanke CW. Alexandrite laser for the treatment of port wine stains refractory to pulsed dye laser［J］. Dermatol Surg, 2011,37（9）:1268⁃1278. doi: 10.1111/j.1524⁃4725.2011.02079.x.
［54］	Nguyen L, Seeber N, Kautz G, et al. 532⁃nm potassium titanyl⁃phosphate laser versus 595⁃nm pulsed dye laser for port⁃wine birthmarks: a prospective, randomized, split⁃side study［J］. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2024,38（6）:1140⁃1146. doi: 10.1111/jdv.19750.
［55］	Al⁃Dhalimi MA, Al⁃Janabi MH. Split lesion randomized comparative study between long pulsed Nd:YAG laser 532 and 1,064 nm in treatment of facial port⁃wine stain［J］. Lasers Surg Med, 2016,48（9）:852⁃858. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22584.
［56］	Wang B, Wu Y, Zhu X, et al. Treatment of neck port⁃wine stain with intense pulsed light in Chinese population［J］. J Cosmet Laser Ther, 2013,15（2）:85⁃90. doi: 10.3109/14764172.2012. 748204.
［57］	Raulin C, Schroeter CA, Weiss RA, et al. Treatment of port⁃wine stains with a noncoherent pulsed light source: a retrospective study［J］. Arch Dermatol, 1999,135（6）:679⁃683. doi: 10.1001/archderm.135.6.679.
［58］	Sheng H, Zeng H, Zhang M. Comparing the therapeutic effect of pulsed dye laser and pulsed dye laser plus CO2 in port wine stain［J］. Postepy Dermatol Alergol, 2022,39（5）:923⁃927. doi: 10. 5114/ada.2022.119073.
［59］	Zhang T. Extended application of fractional carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of port wine stain birthmarks with hypertrophy: a case report［J］. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg, 2023,41（4）:189⁃192. doi: 10.1089/photob.2022.0149.
［60］	Tierney EP, Hanke CW. Treatment of nodules associated with port wine stains with CO2 laser: case series and review of the literature［J］. J Drugs Dermatol, 2009,8（2）:157⁃161.
［61］	Dougherty TJ, Gomer CJ, Henderson BW, et al. Photodynamic therapy［J］. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1998,90（12）:889⁃905. doi: 10. 1093/jnci/90.12.889.
［62］	刘凡光, 顾瑛, 富秋涛, 等. 光动力疗法治疗鲜红斑痣的基础研究——血啉甲醚与血卟啉衍生物吸收特性的比较［J］. 中国激光医学杂志, 2001,10（1）:9⁃12. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003⁃9430.2001.01.003.
［63］	Li⁃Qiang G, Hua W, Si⁃Li N, et al. A clinical study of HMME⁃PDT therapy in Chinese pediatric patients with port⁃wine stain［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2018,23:102⁃105. doi: 10. 1016/j.pdpdt.2018.06.006.
［64］	Zhang B, Zhang TH, Huang Z, et al. Comparison of pulsed dye laser （PDL） and photodynamic therapy （PDT） for treatment of facial port⁃wine stain （PWS） birthmarks in pediatric patients［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2014,11（4）:491⁃497. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.06.004.
［65］	Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhang Z, et al. Clinical study on hemoporfin PDT for infant facial port⁃wine stains［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2019,25:106⁃110. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018. 09.012.
［66］	Zhang LC, Yang J, Huang YB, et al. Efficacy of hemoporfin photodynamic therapy for pulsed dye laser⁃resistant facial port⁃wine stains in 107 children: a retrospective study［J］. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 2022,88（2）:275. doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_976_20.
［67］	Zhang X, Yuan C, Xiao X, et al. Hemoporfin⁃mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of port⁃wine stain: a multicenter, retrospective study［J］. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2023,42:103545. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103545.
［68］	海姆泊芬光动力疗法治疗鲜红斑痣共识制订专家组. 海姆泊芬光动力疗法治疗鲜红斑痣专家共识（2024）［J］. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2024,57（7）:581⁃589. doi:10.35541/cjd.20230584.
［69］	Han Y, Ying H, Zhang X, et al. Retrospective study of photodynamic therapy for pulsed dye laser⁃resistant port⁃wine stains［J］. J Dermatol, 2020,47（4）:348⁃355. doi: 10.1111/1346⁃8138.15238.
［70］	Wang J, Zhu YY, Wang ZY, et al. Analysis of quality of life and influencing factors in 197 Chinese patients with port⁃wine stains［J］. Medicine （Baltimore）, 2017,96（51）:e9446. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009446.

[1]	黄和金李馨雅席文文肖霞蒋斌杨锋. 微创旋切术治疗腋臭患者3 000例术后并发症回顾分析[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 0(5): 20230291-e0230291.
[2]	肖星王珊杨欢舒虹郭艳萍陈谨萍路遥李钦峰梁源赵牧童罗晓燕缪丽敏徐锐李雪梅赖沙李建红罗珍喻泸邢璐王美潭黎晓丽徐海涛李萍王华马琳. 多中心随机对照临床试验观察2%克立硼罗软膏与1%吡美莫司乳膏治疗儿童轻中度特应性皮炎的疗效和安全性[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(5): 425-430.
[3]	邓维蒋丽潇苏伟杨宙刘晓雁张高磊. 肺炎支原体诱发的皮疹和黏膜炎患儿15例临床表现分析[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(5): 460-463.
[4]	中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会中华医学会皮肤病学分会治疗学组中国医疗保健国际交流促进会皮肤医学分会国家皮肤与免疫疾病临床医学研究中心中国罕见病联盟皮肤罕见病专业委员会. 大疱性类天疱疮诊疗专家共识（2025版）[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(5): 405-415.
[5]	中国中西医结合学会皮肤性病专业委员会皮肤肿瘤学组中国抗癌协会黑色素瘤专业委员会中国抗癌协会皮肤肿瘤整合康复专业委员会. [开放获取] 色素痣诊疗专家共识（2025版）[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(5): 387-395.
[6]	白璐楚妍刘园园朱才勇. 慢性手部湿疹的治疗进展[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(5): 477-480.
[7]	中华医学会皮肤性病学分会儿童学组中华医学会儿科学分会皮肤性病学组中国康复医学会皮肤病康复专业委员会中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会儿童皮肤病学组. [开放获取] 中国儿童特应性皮炎专病门诊建设及标准化病案管理专家共识（2025版）[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 0(4): 20240338-e20240338.
[8]	中华医学会皮肤性病学分会中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会. [开放获取] 特应性皮炎达标门诊建设标准专家共识（2025基层版）[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 0(4): 20240296-e20240296.
[9]	李紫钰鲁严. 关注新型冠状病毒感染后重症皮肤病[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(4): 378-383.
[10]	许秋云纪超. 坏疽性脓皮病系统合并症的研究进展[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(4): 369-373.
[11]	吕铭悦满孝勇. 细胞治疗在系统性红斑狼疮中的应用[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(4): 374-377.
[12]	包诗杰韩梅周小勇. 基于文献回顾的依那西普治疗中毒性表皮坏死松解症疗效影响因素分析[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(4): 352-355.
[13]	万勇军杨海晶严翘陈梅王逢源粟倩雅董正邦王飞. 免疫检查点抑制剂相关Stevens-Johnson综合征/中毒性表皮坏死松解症9例临床及预后分析[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(4): 347-351.
[14]	中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会儿童学组中华医学会皮肤性病学分会银屑病学组. 【开放获取】儿童脓疱型银屑病诊疗中国专家共识（2025版）[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(4): 297-306.
[15]	木葵郭慧文海泉龙海刘昱罗帅寒天黄馨周星雨肖嵘李亚萍. 基于标准治疗联合泰它西普治疗25例系统性红斑狼疮的疗效和安全性分析[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2025, 58(4): 322-327.

[开放获取] 儿童鲜红斑痣诊疗专家共识（2025版）

Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of port-wine stain in children （2025 edition）

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 70

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0