Abstract: Long Siyu, Yu Meiwen, Yan Liangbin, Zhang Guocheng, Sun Peiwen Department of Leprosy Control, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Leprosy Control, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210042, China Corresponding author: Yu Meiwen, Email: yumeiwen@163.com 【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of leprosy in China from 2011 to 2015, and to provide scientific evidences for prevention and treatment strategies. Methods An epidemiological analysis and a trend analysis were conducted based on the national leprosy surveillance data from 2011 to 2015. Results The leprosy detection rate in China decreased from 0.085 per 100 000 in 2011 to 0.049 per 100 000 in 2015, with an average annual decline rate being 12.9%. A total of 4 775 leprosy cases were newly detected during 2011—2015, including 106 （2.2%） children, 1 499 （31.4%） females, 518 （10.8%） floating people, 4 041 （84.6%） multibacillary cases and 1 134 （23.7%） cases with grade 2 disabilities. From 2011 to 2015, 328 relapsed cases were reported, including 153 （46.6%） cases recurring after combined chemotherapy. The prevalence rate of leprosy in China decreased from 0.407 per 100 000 in 2011 to 0.235 per 100 000 in 2015, with an average annual decline rate being 12.9%. By the end of 2015, there had been 3 230 registered leprosy cases and 124 counties with a prevalence rate above 1 per 100 000. Conclusions The detection rate and prevalence rate of leprosy in China were both decreasing continuously from 2011 to 2015. The high?epidemic provinces were Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Guangdong. However, leprosy control in middle? and low?epidemic provinces can not be ignored.