Abstract: FENG Jiao*, SANG Hong, ZHOU Guo-hua, ZOU Bing-jie, WU Fan, ZHANG Min, DENG De-quan, LIU Fang, KONG Qing-tao. *Department of Dermatology, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University （Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command）, Nanjing 210002, China Corresponding author: SANG Hong, Email: shzwqzsl@163.com 【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the association of HLA-DRB alleles with onychomycosis in Chinease Han population in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Methods Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers （PCR-SSP） was conducted to analyze the type of HLA-DRB alleles in 50 patients with Trichophyton rubrum-induced onychomycosis, 14 patients with Trichophyton mentagrophytes-induced onychomycosis and 52 healthy human controls of Chinese Han nationality. Data were processed with the SPSS 13.0 software for Windows. The frequency of HLA-DRB alleles was compared between these groups using chi-square test. Results No significant differences were observed in the frequency of HLA-DRB alleles between the patients with Trichophyton rubrum-induced onychomycosis and healthy controls. The patients with Trichophyton mentagrophytes-induced onychomycosis showed significantly higher frequency of HLA-DRB1*14 allele （17.86% vs. 3.85%, P < 0.01, OR = 5.435, 95% CI : 1.353 － 21.835）, lower frequency of HLA-DRB1*15 allele（0 vs. 16.3%, P < 0.05, OR = 0.837, 95% CI : 0.768 － 0.911）compared with the healthy controls. Conclusions In Chinese Han population in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, HLA-DRB alleles appear to be unassociated with Trichophyton rubrum-induced onychomycosis, whereas HLA-DRB1*14 allele seems to be a susceptible allele, and HLA-DRB1*15 be a protective allele, for Trichophyton mentagrophytes-induced onychomycosis. Genetic backgrounds may be different for onychomycosis caused by different Trichophyton species in Chinese Han population.