Abstract: The Schwann cells taken from the peripheral nerves of 6 human fetuses were cultured and subcultured.Among which the Schwann cells of 1 fetus could 6e subcuitured up to 11th generation covering more than 110 days.The Schwann cells and M.Leprae were co-cultuned by coverslip method,and the coverslips were stained (acid-fast stain) anal the phagocytosis of M.Leprae by Schwann cells was observed under light microscopy in regular intervals.About 15% of Schwann cells phagocytosed M.Leprae 10 ours after infection.Later on the number of the cells phagocytosed M.Leprae steadily increased and reached to the peak (95%) of Phagocytic index 72 hours after co-culature.M.Leprae giobi could aslo be found in Schwann cells.By electron microscopy many M.Leprae could be observed among the microvilli as well as in the cytoplasm of the infected Schwann cells.96 hours after infection the Schwainn cells which phagocytased many M.Leprae underwent degeneration and necrosis,but the M.Leprae in the cells still existed with their morphology unchanged.