中华皮肤科杂志

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539例药疹临床分析

何志新, 甘戈, 王宝玺   

  1. 中国医学科学院、中国协和医科大学北京协和医院皮肤科 北京 100730
  • 收稿日期:2006-03-17 出版日期:2006-04-15 发布日期:2006-04-15

Clinical analysis of 539 patients with drug eruption

HE Zhi-xin, GAN Ge, WANG Bao-xi   

  1. Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2006-03-17 Online:2006-04-15 Published:2006-04-15

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摘要： 目的 探讨临床应用药物与药疹发生的关系以及药疹的防治.方法 对我院1994年1月至2003年12月10年间因药疹住院的患者临床资料进行分析.结果 539例患者中有68.09%(367/539)可明确为一种致敏药物.由青霉素类引起的药疹共有114例,其中阿莫西林79例.解热镇痛药引起的药疹共有96例.青霉素引起的药疹中发疹型占81.6%(93/114).重症药疹共64例,其中由解热镇痛药及抗癫痫药引起的分别有19例及18例.抗癫痫药和别嘌呤醇引起的药疹中重症药疹分别占72%(18/25)及90%(4/5),治疗所需的糖皮质激素控制剂量多为80-120mg/d,病程较长.结论 青霉素、阿莫西林及解热镇痛类药物是引起药疹最常见的药物.引起重症药疹的药物主要为解热镇痛药以及抗癫痫药.

关键词: 药疹, 青霉素类, 镇痛药, 抗惊厥药

Abstract: Objective To investigate the rela-tionship-between clinical usage of drugs and drug eruption,and the prevention and treatment of drug eruption.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical data of all inpatients suffered with drug eruption admitted into our hospital during the ten years from Jan 1994 to Dec 2003.Results Of a total of 539 cases,68.09%(367/539) were confirmed to be caused by one drug.One hundred and fourteen cases were caused by penicillin,among which 79 cases were amoxicillin allergic,and 81.6%(93/114) were of exanthema of drug eruption pattern.Ninety six cases were caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs).Among 64 severe cases,19 and 18 were caused by NSAIDs and anti-epilepsy drugs,respectively.Among drug eruptions caused by anti-epilepsy drugs and allopurinol,severe cases accounted for 72%(18/25) and 90%(4/5),respectively,which had a long duration,and usually required prednisone for the effective treatment in a dosage of 80-120 mg/d.Conclusions Penicillins,especially amoxicillin,and NSAIDs are the most frequent causes of drug eruption.Severe drug eruptions are most often caused by NSAIDs and anti-epilepsy drugs.

Key words: Drug eruptions, Penicillins, Analgesics, Anticonvulsants