关键词: 天疱疮, 护理, 浸浴护理, 臭氧, 高锰酸钾, 疗效

Abstract: 【Abstract】 Objective To analyze effects of ozone bath, 1∶8 000 potassium permanganate bath and 1∶5 000 potassium permanganate bath on the recovery of skin lesions in patients with pemphigus. Methods Patients with pemphigus, who received immersion bath treatment during their hospitalization, were retrospectively collected from Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital from January 2016 to June 2021. The efficacy and safety of different immersion bath methods including ozone bath, 1∶8 000 potassium permanganate bath and 1∶5 000 potassium permanganate bath were compared. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze relationships between candidate variables and patients′ condition at discharge. Results A total of 74 patients with pemphigus were included, including 45 （60.81%） males and 29 （39.19%） females, their age （M［Q1, Q3］） was 52 （41, 60） years, and the median percentage of primary skin lesion area in body surface area was 40%. There were no significant differences in hospital stays, disease duration （time from onset to admission）, gender ratio or skin lesion areas among patients receiving ozone bath (32 cases), patients receiving 1∶8000 potassium permanganate bath (25 cases) and those receiving 1∶5000 potassium permanganate bath （17 cases, all P > 0.05）. These patients still received other treatments, including glucocorticoids, gamma globulin, plasma transfusion, rituximab, immunosuppressants, topical antibiotics, etc., and there was no significant difference in the proportions of patients using the above therapies among the three groups （all P > 0.05）, while the ozone bath group showed lower proportions of patients using systemic antibiotics compared with the two potassium permanganate bath groups (both P < 0.01). At discharge, in the ozone bath group, 1 case was improved, 21 were nearly cured, and 10 were cured; in the 1∶8 000 potassium permanganate bath group, 4 cases were improved, 13 were nearly cured, and 8 were cured; in the 1∶5 000 potassium permanganate bath group, 5 were improved, 8 were nearly cured, and 4 were cured. The proportion of well-recovered patients was significantly higher in the ozone bath group （31/32 cases） than in the potassium permanganate bath group （33/42 cases, P = 0.036）. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that ozone bath significantly affected the patients′ condition at discharge （P < 0.05）, and was an independent predictor of "good recovery" at discharge （HR = 8.455, 95% CI: 1.011 - 70.672, P = 0.049）. Conclusion Ozone bath therapy can facilitate recovery of skin lesions in patients with pemphigus.

Key words: Pemphigus, Nursing care, Bath care, Ozone, Potassium permanganate, Efficacy