中华皮肤科杂志 ›› 2002, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 369-371.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

从夫妻双方的头皮屑中分离和鉴定马拉色菌

路永红, 冉玉平, 熊琳, 代亚琳   

  1. 四川大学华西医院皮肤性病科, 成都610041
  • 收稿日期:2002-01-28 出版日期:2002-10-15 发布日期:2002-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 冉玉平, 四川大学华西医院皮肤性病科, 成都610041
  • 基金资助:
    四川省学术和技术带头人培养基金资助

Isolation and Identification of Malassezia Species in the Dandruff of Married Couples

LU Yonghong, RAN Yuping, XIONG Lin, DAI Yalin   

  1. Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2002-01-28 Online:2002-10-15 Published:2002-10-15

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摘要： 目的 探讨夫妻双方的头皮屑中马拉色菌的带菌情况、菌种构成及夫妻间共用梳子与马拉色菌菌种一致性的关系。方法 采用Leeming和Notman培养基、Dixon培养基和含菜子油培养基分别同时培养114对夫妻的头皮屑,观察培养阳性率与头皮屑严重程度的关系,根据生理生化学及形态学特点鉴定菌种,并比较在这3种培养基中菌落初长时间及对菌种有无选择性。结果 从114对夫妻(共228人)中153人的头皮屑中分离到马拉色菌,阳性率为67.11%,培养阳性率与头皮屑的严重程度有正相关关系。3种培养基共分离到459株马拉色菌,从中鉴定出合轴马拉色菌(33.33%)、球形马拉色菌(25.05%)、限制马拉色菌(15.47%)、糠秕马拉色菌(13.73%)和钝形马拉色菌(12.42%)共5个种。3种培养基对菌种无选择性,但在含菜子油的培养基中菌落初长时间最短。同一头皮屑在3种培养基上分离到同一菌种有129人(56.58%),分离到2种菌的有24人(10.53%).共用梳子的夫妻双方的头皮屑中均培养出马拉色菌的培养阳性率(64.00%)高于非共用梳子的夫妻(20.51%).夫妻双方的头皮屑中菌种相同者(35.96%)显着多于菌种不同者(13.16%);夫妻间共用梳子者头皮屑中菌种相同者(50.67%)显着多于非共用梳子者(7.69%).结论 头皮屑中的优势菌种主要为合轴和球形马拉色菌,夫妻双方的头皮屑中马拉色菌菌种一致率较高,而夫妻间共用梳子组的菌种一致率更高,提示马拉色菌可在夫妻之间传播,共用梳子可能是重要的传播媒介.

关键词: 马拉色霉菌属, 配偶, 头皮屑

Abstract: Objective To investigate the distribution and the constitution of the Malassezia genus in the dandruff of married couples and the coincidence of the Malassezia species between the husbands and their wives,especially in the couples who always share the same comb in their daily life.Methods Each dandruff sample collected from 114 married couples was divided into three parts and inoculated in Leeming and Notman medium,Dixon mediumand the medium containing rapeseed oil.The yeasts obtained from the cultures were identified based on the biochemical and morphological characteristics.The duration from inoculation of dandruff to the primary colony development of Malassezia genus and the species constitution of Malassezia were compared among above three media.The relationship between the severity of the dandruff and the rate of isolation of the Malassezia species was also studied.Results Among 228 persons,Malassezia was isolated from 153 persons'dandruff(67.11%).There was a correlation between the positive rate of cultivation and the severity of dandruff.Totally 5 species were identified from 459 strains of the genus Malassezia obtained from three kinds of media mentioned above,including M.sympodialis(33.33%),M.globosa(25.05%),M.restricta(15.47%),M.furfur (13.73%) and M.obtusa(12.42%).No species difference was noticed in the three kinds of culture media,but the colony of Malassezia grew faster in the medium containing rapeseed oil(average 5.95 days)than the other two media.One species from the same dandruff sample was isolated in three media in 129 persons(56.58%),while 24 persons(10.53%)isolated two species.The positive cultivation rate of Malassezia from the dandruff of the couples who sharing the same comb (64.00%)was higher than that of the others(20.51%).Among the couples those who had the same species(35.96%)of Malassezia was obviously higher than those who had different species(13.16%).The species identity was 50.67% in those who shared the same comb,which was higher than in those who did not(7.69%).Conclusion The major species of Malassezia in dandruff are M.sympodialis and M.globosa.The consistency of the Malassezia species isolated in the couples,especially in the couples sharing the same comb is higher than that of the other couples.These pathogens may be spread from person to person by dandruff,through household utensils,such as comb.

Key words: Malassezia, Spouses, Dandruff