中华皮肤科杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 270-272.

• 研究报道 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川凉山地区青少年15种皮肤病患病率调查

王仁利1,曹力生2,周城3,张建中4   

  1. 1. 四川省凉山州第一人民医院皮肤科
    2.
    3. 北京大学人民医院
    4. 北京大学人民医院皮肤科
  • 收稿日期:2011-05-24 修回日期:2011-06-26 出版日期:2012-04-15 发布日期:2012-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 张建中 E-mail:rmzjz@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    四川凉山地区痤疮流行病学研究

Prevalence of 15 skin diseases in adolescents from Liangshan prefecture in Sichuan Province

  • Received:2011-05-24 Revised:2011-06-26 Online:2012-04-15 Published:2012-03-30

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摘要：

目的 了解凉山地区青少年15种皮肤病发病情况。方法 以在校初中和高中生为调查对象，采用分层整群抽样方法确定2所城区中学、3所农村中学为调查点。受调查者填写调查问卷，接受皮肤科专科医师检查。 结果 共调查7747人，年龄12 ～ 20 （15.86 ± 1.86）岁。发现皮肤病患者6379例，总患病率为82.34%；平均每人患有（1.34 ± 0.97）种皮肤病。患者人数（患病率）痤疮为4698例（60.64%）、雀斑2219例（28.64%）、毛发苔藓966例（12.47%）、湿疹皮炎792例（10.22%）、荨麻疹511例（6.60%）、丘疹性荨麻疹195例（2.52%）、白癜风37例（0.48%）、银屑病55例（0.71%）、寻常疣166例（2.14%）、扁平疣168例（2.17%）、手足癣317例（4.09%）、体癣142例（1.83%）、黄褐斑62例（0.80%）、鲜红斑痣26例（0.34%）和太田痣15例（0.19%）。男性痤疮患病率（63.91%）高于女性（58.50%）；女性湿疹、毛发苔藓、雀斑、黄褐斑、银屑病患病率高于男性。汉族雀斑患病率（29.58%）高于彝族（25.93%）；彝族痤疮、白癜风、银屑病、黄褐斑患病率高于汉族。城区痤疮、丘疹性荨麻疹患病率高于农村；农村荨麻疹、雀斑、黄褐斑和毛发苔藓患病率高于城区。结论 凉山地区青少年皮肤病总体患病率较高，15种皮肤病中患病率前5位的分别是痤疮、雀斑、毛发苔藓、湿疹和荨麻疹，男性与女性、汉族与彝族、城区与农村皮肤病患病率有明显差异。

关键词: 皮肤病 流行病学 凉山地区 患病率

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of 15 skin diseases in adolescents from Liangshan prefecture in Sichuan Province. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select subjects. Adolescents from 2 urban and 3 rural middle schools were investigated, who were required to fulfill self-report questionnaires and received physical examinations by doctors. Results A total of 7747 adolescents aged from 12 to 20 （15.86 ± 1.86） years were included in the investigation, and skin diseases were present in 6379 adolescents, with a total incidence of 82.34%. In average, each subject suffered from 1.3372 ± 0.96861 skin diseases. Of the adolescents, 4698 （60.64%） had acne, 2219 （28.64%） freckle, 966 （12.47%） lichen pilaris, 792 （10.22%） eczema or dermatitis, 511 （6.60%） urticaria, 195 （2.52%） papular urticaria, 37 （0.48%） vitiligo, 55 （0.71%） psoriasis, 166 （2.14%） verruca vulgaris, 168 （2.17%） flat wart, 317 （4.09%） tinea manus and pedis, 142 （1.83%） tinea corporis, 62 （0.80%） chloasma, 26 （0.34%） nevus flammeus, 15 （0.19%） nevus of ota. Male adolescents showed a higher incidence of acne （63.91% vs. 58.50%）, but a lower incidence of eczema, lichen pilaris, freckle, chloasma and psoriasis compared with female adolescents. The incidence of acne, vitiligo, psoriasis and melasma were higher, while that of freckele was lower （25.93% vs. 29.58%） in Yi adolescents than in Han adolescents. Increased incidence of acne and papular urticaria and decreased prevalence of urticaria, freckle, melasma and lichen pilaris were observed in urban adolescents compared with rural adolescents. Conclusions The prevalence of skin diseases is high in adolescents from Liangshan prefecture. Of these 15 skin diseases, acne, freckle, lichen pilaris, eczema and urticaria are the 5 most common diseases in the area. Differences exist in the incidence of skin diseases between male and female, Han and Yi, urban and rural, adolescents.

Key words: Skin disease Epidemiology Liangshan district Prevalence rate